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Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of

(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Humphrey, duke of, 1391–1447, English nobleman; youngest son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun. He was well educated and had a great interest in humanist scholarship. After the…

Newman, Saint John Henry

(Encyclopedia) Newman, SaintJohn Henry, 1801–90, English churchman, theologian, and writer, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the founders of the Oxford movement, b. London. Newman was…

Geoffrey IV

(Encyclopedia) Geoffrey IV, known as Geoffrey PlantagenetGeoffrey IV,plătăjˈənət [key] [O.Fr.,=sprig of broom; he usually wore a sprig in his helmet], 1113–51, count of Anjou (1129–51); son of Fulk,…

Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc deSully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc demäksēmēlyăNˈ də bātünˈ dük də [key]Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de sülēˈ [key], 1560–1641, French statesman…

Lancaster, house of

(Encyclopedia) Lancaster, house ofLancaster, house oflăngˈkəstər [key], royal family of England. The line was founded by the second son of Henry III, Edmund Crouchback, 1245–96, who was created earl…

Hudson River school

(Encyclopedia) Hudson River school, group of American landscape painters, working from 1825 to 1875. The 19th-century romantic movements of England, Germany, and France were introduced to the United…

Shepard, Sam

(Encyclopedia) Shepard, Sam, 1943–2017, one of the major American playwrights and actors of his era, b. Fort Sheridan, Ill., as Samuel Shepard Rogers 3d. A product of the 1960s counterculture and an…

Berryman, John

(Encyclopedia) Berryman, JohnBerryman, Johnbĕrˈēmən [key], 1914–72, American poet and critic, b. McAlester, Okla., as John Allyn Smith, Jr., grad. Columbia, 1936, also studied at Cambridge. His…

Gloucester, Robert, earl of

(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Robert, earl of, d. 1147, English nobleman; illegitimate son of Henry I. Henry created (c.1121) the earldom of Gloucester for him. After his father's death (1135), Robert…

Seymour, Jane

(Encyclopedia) Seymour, Jane, 1509?–1537, third queen consort of Henry VIII of England. She served as a lady in waiting to both of Henry's first two queens, Katharine of Aragón and Anne Boleyn. Henry…