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Frohman, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Frohman, CharlesFrohman, Charlesfrōˈmən [key], 1860–1915, American theatrical manager and producer, b. Sandusky, Ohio. Starting his career as a box-office clerk in Brooklyn, N.Y.,…

Blackwell, Elizabeth

(Encyclopedia) Blackwell, Elizabeth, 1821–1910, American physician, b. England; sister of Henry Brown Blackwell. She was the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree, which was…

Brewer's: Canossa

Canossa, in the duchy of Modena, is where (in the winter of 1076-7) Kaiser Heinrich IV. went to humble himself before Pope Gregory VII. (Hildebrand). Has the Czar gone to Canossa? Is he…

Brewer's: Grammar

Zenodotos invented the terms singular, plural, and dual. The scholars of Alexandria and of the rival academy of Pergamos were the first to distinguish language into parts of speech, and to…

Mary I, 1516–58, queen of England

(Encyclopedia) Mary I (Mary Tudor), 1516–58, queen of England (1553–58), daughter of Henry VIII and Katharine of Aragón. During the spread of Protestantism in the reign of her half-brother, Edward…

Hall, Stuart Henry McPhail

(Encyclopedia) Hall, Stuart, 1932–2014, Jamaican-born British sociologist and cultural theorist, b. Kingston, Jamaica. Hall attended Jamaica College…

Newton, Helmut

(Encyclopedia) Newton, Helmut, 1920-2004, German-American photographer, b. Berlin, Germany, as Helmut Neustädter. Newton began taking pictures at age…

Australian literature

(Encyclopedia) Australian literature, the literature of Australia. Because the vast majority of early Australian settlers were transported prisoners, the beginnings of Australian literature were oral…

Henry III, Holy Roman emperor and German king

(Encyclopedia) Henry III, 1017–56, Holy Roman emperor (1046–56) and German king (1039–56), son and successor of Conrad II. He was crowned joint king with his father in 1028, and acceded on Conrad's…