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Rowland, Henry Augustus

(Encyclopedia) Rowland, Henry AugustusRowland, Henry Augustusrōˈlənd [key], 1848–1901, American physicist, b. Honesdale, Pa., grad. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1870. He was professor of physics…

Peter of Blois

(Encyclopedia) Peter of BloisPeter of Bloisblwä [key], 1135?–1203?, French writer. He was educated in law and theology. From 1167 to 1169 he was tutor to King William II of Sicily. He went (c.1173)…

Crerar, Henry Duncan Graham

(Encyclopedia) Crerar, Henry Duncan GrahamCrerar, Henry Duncan Grahamkrērˈär [key], 1888–1965, Canadian general in World War II. He fought in World War I and later headed the Royal Military College.…

Bosworth Field

(Encyclopedia) Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, central England. It was the scene of the battle (1485) at which Richard III was killed and the crown was passed to his opponent, the earl of Richmond (…

Henry II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Henry II, 1519–59, king of France (1547–59), son of King Francis I. His robust physique contrasted with his weak and pliant disposition. Throughout his reign he was governed by Anne de…

Clarendon, Constitutions of

(Encyclopedia) Clarendon, Constitutions of, 1164, articles issued by King Henry II of England at the Council of Clarendon defining the customs governing relations between church and state. In the…

Provisions of Oxford

(Encyclopedia) Provisions of Oxford, 1258, a scheme of governmental reform forced upon Henry III of England by his barons. In 1258 a group of barons, angered by the king's Sicilian adventure and the…

Boleslaus I

(Encyclopedia) Boleslaus IBoleslaus Ibōˈləslôs [key], c.966–1025, Polish ruler (992–1025), the first to call himself king; also called Boleslaus the Brave. He succeeded his father, Mieszko I, as duke…

Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of

(Encyclopedia) Saint Bartholomew's Day, massacre of, murder of French Protestants, or Huguenots, that began in Paris on Aug. 24, 1572. It was preceded, on Aug. 22, by an attempt, ordered by Catherine…

Adams, Henry

(Encyclopedia) Adams, Henry, 1838–1918, American writer and historian, b. Boston; son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–86). He was secretary (1861–68) to his father, then U.S. minister to Great Britain…