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Cruz, Ted

(Encyclopedia) Cruz, Ted (Raphael Edward), 1970- , American politician, b. Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Princeton Univ. (B.A., 1992), Harvard Law School…

Thomas, Clarence

(Encyclopedia) Thomas, Clarence, 1948–, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1991–), b. Pin Point (Savannah), Ga. Raised in a poor family, he graduated (1974) from the Yale Law School and…

Greenspan, Alan

(Encyclopedia) Greenspan, Alan, 1926–, American economist, chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (1987–2006), b. New York City. Influenced by the philosophy of Ayn Rand, Greenspan is a strong…

Richards, Ann Willis

(Encyclopedia) Richards, Ann Willis, 1933–2006, American politician, b. Lakeview, Tex., as Dorothy Ann Willis. She began her career in politics in the early 1970s after having raised four children. A…

Kavanaugh, Brett Michael

(Encyclopedia) Kavanaugh, Brett Michael, 1965–, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (2018–), b. Washington, D.C., grad. Yale (B.A. 1987, J.D. 1990). He clerked for Supreme Court Justice…

Gorsuch, Neil McGill

(Encyclopedia) Gorsuch, Neil McGill, 1967–, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (2017–), b. Denver. A graduate of Harvard Law School (1991), he clerked for Supreme Court Justice Kennedy and…

Congress of Racial Equality

(Encyclopedia) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), civil-rights organization founded (1942) in Chicago by James Farmer. Dedicated to the use of nonviolent direct action, CORE initially sought to…

Alexander, Andrew Lamar, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Alexander, Andrew Lamar, Jr., American politician, b. Maryville, Tn., Vanderbilt Univ. (B.A., 1962); New York Univ. (J.D., 1965). The son of educators, Alexander studied…

Persian Gulf Wars

(Encyclopedia) Persian Gulf Wars, two conflicts involving Iraq and U.S.-led coalitions in the late 20th and early 21st cent. The First Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War, Jan.–Feb., 1991,…

Ridge, Tom

(Encyclopedia) Ridge, Tom (Thomas Joseph Ridge), 1945–, U.S. politician and government official, first secretary of Homeland Security (2003–5), b. Munhall, Pa. A graduate of Harvard (1967) and the…