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John VIII, Byzantine emperor
(Encyclopedia) John VIII (John Palaeologus), 1390–1448, Byzantine emperor (1425–48), son and successor of Manuel II. When he acceded, the Byzantine Empire had been reduced by the Turks to the city of…Heliogabalus
(Encyclopedia) HeliogabalusHeliogabalushēˌlēōgăbˈələs [key] or ElagabalusHeliogabalusĕləgăbˈələs [key], c.205–222, Roman emperor (218–22). He was a priest of the local sun god, Elagabalus, at Emesa…Confederation of the Rhine
(Encyclopedia) Confederation of the Rhine, league of German states formed by Emperor Napoleon I in 1806 after his defeat of the Austrians at Austerlitz. Among its members were the newly created…Frederick I, elector of Brandenburg
(Encyclopedia) Frederick I, 1371–1440, elector of Brandenburg (1415–40), first of the Hohenzollerns (see Hohenzollern, family) to rule Brandenburg. As Frederick VI, burgrave of Nuremburg, he served…Lombard League
(Encyclopedia) Lombard League, an alliance formed in 1167 among the communes of Lombardy to resist Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I when he attempted to assert his imperial authority in Lombardy.…Otho, Marcus Salvius
(Encyclopedia) Otho, Marcus SalviusOtho, Marcus Salviusōˈthō [key], a.d. 32–a.d. 69, Roman emperor (Jan.–April, a.d. 69). He was a friend of Nero, and his wife, Poppaea Sabina, became Nero's mistress…Nicephorus II
(Encyclopedia) Nicephorus II (Nicephorus Phocas)Nicephorus IInīsĕfˈərəs [key]Nicephorus IIfōˈkəs [key], c.912–969, Byzantine emperor (963–69). He was a successful general under Constantine VII and…Avitus
(Encyclopedia) AvitusAvitusəvīˈtəs [key], d. 456?, Roman emperor of the West (455–56). He was proclaimed emperor in Gaul with the support of the Visigoths but was deposed by Ricimer. He was elected…Louis I, emperor of the West
(Encyclopedia) Louis I or Louis the Pious, Fr. Louis le Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, 778–840, emperor of the West (814–40), son and successor of Charlemagne. He was crowned king of Aquitaine in 781…Andronicus III
(Encyclopedia) Andronicus III (Andronicus Palaeologus), c.1296–1341, Byzantine emperor (1328–41), grandson of Andronicus II, whom he deposed after a series of civil wars. His chief minister was John…