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Capitoline Hill

(Encyclopedia) Capitoline HillCapitoline Hillkăpˈĭtəlīnˌ [key] or Capitol, highest of the seven hills of ancient Rome, historic and religious center of the city. The great temple of Jupiter…

Zita

(Encyclopedia) ZitaZitazēˈtə, Ger. tsēˈtä [key], 1892–1989, last empress of Austria and queen of Hungary. The daughter of Duke Robert of Parma, she was married (1911) to Archduke Charles Francis, who…

Worms, Diet of

(Encyclopedia) Worms, Diet of, 1521, most famous of the imperial diets held at Worms, Germany. It was opened in Jan., 1521, by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. After disposing of other business, notably…

Rulers of the Roman Empire and the Roman Republic

Over a millennium of leadership (good and bad) Take me to the Kings | Take me to the Republic Leaders | Take me to the Emperors More than a millennium passed between the founding of Rome and the…

William II, emperor of Germany and king of Prussia

(Encyclopedia) William II, 1859–1941, emperor of Germany and king of Prussia (1888–1918), son and successor of Frederick III and grandson of William I of Germany and of Queen Victoria of England.…

Michael VIII, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Michael VIII (Michael Palaeologus), c.1225–1282, Byzantine emperor (1261–82), first of the Palaeologus dynasty. Following the murder of the regent for Emperor John IV of Nicaea, he was…

Marsilius of Padua

(Encyclopedia) Marsilius of PaduaMarsilius of Paduamärsĭlˈēəs, păˈdy&oomacr;ə [key], d. c.1342, Italian political philosopher. He is satirically called Marsiglio. Little is known with certainty…

Robert Guiscard

(Encyclopedia) Robert GuiscardRobert Guiscardgēskärˈ [key], c.1015–1085, Norman conqueror of S Italy, a son of Tancred de Hauteville (see Normans). Robert joined (c.1046) his brothers in S Italy and…

Rudolf I

(Encyclopedia) Rudolf I or Rudolf of HapsburgRudolf Ir&oomacr;ˈdŏlf [key], 1218–91, German king (1273–91), first king of the Hapsburg dynasty. Rudolf's election as king ended the interregnum (…