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Smithson, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Smithson, Robert, 1938–73, American sculptor, b. Passaic, N.J. After first making modular, serial sculpture, Smithson began to design large-scale earthworks (see land art) in the 1960s…

Baron, Salo Wittmayer

(Encyclopedia) Baron, Salo WittmayerBaron, Salo Wittmayersäˈlō vĭtˈmīər bärônˈ [key], 1895–1989, Jewish historian and educator, b. Galicia. He was taken as a child to Vienna, where he later studied…

Kempe, Margery

(Encyclopedia) Kempe, MargeryKempe, Margerykĕmp [key], d. 1438 or afterward, English religious writer, b. King's Lynn. She was the wife of a prominent citizen and the mother of 14 children. Her…

Fabre, Jean Henri

(Encyclopedia) Fabre, Jean HenriFabre, Jean HenrizhäN äNrēˈ fäˈbrə [key], 1823–1915, French entomologist and author. He is known for his observations on insects and his study of their behavior. Fabre…

Gris, Juan

(Encyclopedia) Gris, JuanGris, Juanhwän grēs [key], 1887–1927, Spanish cubist painter, whose original name was José Victoriano González. After studying in Madrid he settled in Paris in 1906, where he…

Nemerov, Howard

(Encyclopedia) Nemerov, HowardNemerov, Howardnĕmˈĕrôf [key], 1920–91, American poet, novelist, and critic, b. New York City, grad. Harvard, 1941; brother of photographer Diane Arbus. He taught at…

Aubrey, John

(Encyclopedia) Aubrey, JohnAubrey, Johnôˈbrē [key], 1626–97, English antiquary and miscellaneous writer, b. Kingston, Wiltshire, educated at Trinity College, Oxford. He knew most of the famous people…

Lynch, John Roy

(Encyclopedia) Lynch, John Roy, 1847–1939, African-American politician, b. near Vidala, La. Born a slave, he became active in the Republican party after the Civil War in Natchez, Miss., and served (…

Montagu, Ashley

(Encyclopedia) Montagu, Ashley (Montague Francis Ashley Montagu)Montagu, Ashleyăshˈlē mäntˈəgyü [key], 1905–99, British-American anthropologist, b. London as Israel Ehrenberg, Ph.D. Columbia Univ.,…

Menno Simons

(Encyclopedia) Menno SimonsMenno Simonsmĕnˈō sēˈmōns [key], 1496?–1561, Dutch religious reformer. The name of the Mennonites was derived from his name, although he was not the actual founder of the…