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Hughes, Ted

(Encyclopedia) Hughes, Ted (Edward James Hughes), 1930–98, English poet, b. Mytholmyroyd, Yorkshire, studied Cambridge. Hughes's best poetry focuses on the unsentimental within nature. His poems are…

Malthus, Thomas Robert

(Encyclopedia) Malthus, Thomas RobertMalthus, Thomas Robertmălˈthəs [key], 1766–1834, English economist, sociologist, and pioneer in modern population study. A graduate of Cambridge, he was a…

art history

(Encyclopedia) art history, the study of works of art and architecture. In the mid-19th cent., art history was raised to the status of an academic discipline by the Swiss Jacob Burckhardt, who…

Mitford, Nancy

(Encyclopedia) Mitford, Nancy, 1904–73, English novelist and biographer, b. London. She managed a London bookshop during World War II and moved to Paris in 1945. Mitford and her five celebrated and…

Merwin, W. S.

(Encyclopedia) Merwin, W. S. (William Stanley Merwin), 1927–2019, American poet and translator, b. New York City. After graduating from Princeton in 1948, he traveled in Europe, working as a tutor…

chamber music

(Encyclopedia) chamber music, ensemble music for small groups of instruments, with only one player to each part. Its essence is individual treatment of parts and the exclusion of virtuosic elements.…

Davies, Sir Peter Maxwell

(Encyclopedia) Davies, Sir Peter MaxwellDavies, Sir Peter Maxwelldāˈvĭs [key], 1934–2016, English composer and conductor, b. Salford, studied Royal Manchester College of Music and Princeton with…

Kafka, Franz

(Encyclopedia) Kafka, FranzKafka, Franzfränts käfˈkä [key], 1883–1924, German-language novelist, b. Prague. Along with Joyce, Kafka is perhaps the most influential of 20th-century writers. From a…

af Klint, Hilma

(Encyclopedia) af Klint, Hilma, 1862–1944, Swedish painter, grad. Swedish Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm (1887). She began painting mainly landscapes and portraits, but is known for her…

Burroughs, William Seward

(Encyclopedia) Burroughs, William Seward, 1914–97, American novelist, b. St. Louis, grad. Harvard, 1936, moved to New York City, 1943. He was an elder member of the beat generation. Junkie (1953),…