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Leisler, Jacob

(Encyclopedia) Leisler, JacobLeisler, Jacoblīsˈlər [key], 1640–91, leader of an insurrection (1689–91) in colonial New York, b. Frankfurt, Germany. He immigrated to America in 1660 as a penniless…

Arnold of Brescia

(Encyclopedia) Arnold of BresciaArnold of Bresciabrĕshˈə [key], c.1090–1155, Italian monk and reformer, b. Brescia. A priest of irreproachable life, Arnold studied at Paris, where according to…

Julius II

(Encyclopedia) Julius II, 1443–1513, pope (1503–13), an Italian named Giuliano della Rovere, b. Savona; successor of Pius III. His uncle Sixtus IV gave him many offices and created him cardinal.…

Cluny

(Encyclopedia) ClunyClunykl&oomacr;ˈnē, Fr. klünēˈ [key], former abbey, E France, in the present Saône-et-Loire dept., founded (910) by St. Berno, a Burgundian monk and reformer. Cluny was one of…

Philippines: Presidents

Presidents Manuel L. Quezon (1935–1944) Jorge B. Vargas, president of the Executive Commission of the Philippine Council of State (1943) José P. Laurel (1943–1945) Sergio Osmeña (1944–1946)…

Mengs, Anton Raphael

(Encyclopedia) Mengs, Anton RaphaelMengs, Anton Raphaelänˈtôn räˈfäĕl mĕngs [key], 1728–79, German historical and portrait painter, b. Bohemia. He was the pupil of his father, Ismael Mengs (c.1688–…

Guibert of Ravenna

(Encyclopedia) Guibert of RavennaGuibert of Ravennagwĭbˈərt, gēbĕrˈ [key], d. 1100, Italian churchman, antipope (1080–1100) Clement III, b. Parma. As imperial chancellor of Italy (1057–63), he…

Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, Comte

(Encyclopedia) Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, ComteWalewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, ComteälĕksäNˈdrə flôryäNˈ zhôzĕfˈ kôlônäˈ kôNt välĕfskēˈ [key], 1810–68, French diplomat, b…