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Brandon, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Brandon, Charles: see Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st duke of.

pragmatic sanction

(Encyclopedia) pragmatic sanction, decision of state dealing with a matter of great importance to a community or a whole state and having the force of fundamental law. The term originated in Roman…

Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Charles IV, 1316–78, Holy Roman emperor (1355–78), German king (1347–78), and king of Bohemia (1346–78). The son of John of Luxemburg, Charles was educated at the French court and…

Louis XI, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis XI, 1423–83, king of France (1461–83), son and successor of Charles VII. A born diplomat, Louis skillfully checked his foreign and domestic enemies and set up an efficient…

Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland

(Encyclopedia) Charles I, 1600–1649, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–49), second son of James I and Anne of Denmark. There were no decisive victories in the civil war until Charles was…