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Zela

(Encyclopedia) ZelaZelazēˈlə [key], ancient city of Pontus, NE Asia Minor. There Mithradates VI defeated Triarius c.67 b.c., and in 47 b.c. Julius Caesar defeated Pharnaces, king of Pontus, recording…

Bibracte

(Encyclopedia) BibracteBibractebĭbrăkˈtē [key], former capital of the Aedui, site atop Mont Beuvray, central France. There Caesar defeated (58 b.c.) the Helvetii (see Gallic Wars). Excavations on the…

Nicholson, James William Augustus

(Encyclopedia) Nicholson, James William Augustus, 1821–87, American naval officer, b. Dedham, Mass.; grandson of Samuel Nicholson. He was appointed a midshipman in 1838, served under Commodore Perry…

Caligula

(Encyclopedia) CaligulaCaligulakəlĭgˈy&oobreve;lə [key], a.d. 12–a.d. 41, Roman emperor (a.d. 37–a.d. 41); son of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder. His real name was Caius Caesar…

Menninger, Karl Augustus

(Encyclopedia) Menninger, Karl AugustusMenninger, Karl Augustusmĕnˈĭngər [key], 1893–1990, and William Claire Menninger, 1899–1966, American psychiatrists, brothers, b. Topeka, Kans. The Menninger…

Berle, Adolf Augustus, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Berle, Adolf Augustus, Jr.Berle, Adolf Augustus, Jr.bûrˈlē [key], 1895–1971, American lawyer and public official, b. Boston. Admitted to the bar in 1916, he served in World War I and…

Philippi

(Encyclopedia) PhilippiPhilippifĭlĭpˈī [key], ancient city of Macedon and Macedonia, now in Greece, in E Macedonia. Inhabited by Thracians and then Thasians, it was renamed (probably 356 b.c.) by…

Charles XII, king of Sweden

(Encyclopedia) Charles XII, 1682–1718, king of Sweden (1697–1718), son and successor of Charles XI. The regency under which he succeeded was abolished in 1697 at the request of the Riksdag. At the…

Justin II

(Encyclopedia) Justin II, d. 578, Byzantine emperor (565–78), nephew and successor to Justinian I. He allied himself with the Turks and resumed the wars with Persia. During his reign Slavs and Avars…

Colman, Ronald

(Encyclopedia) Colman, Ronald, 1891–1958, British stage and film actor. Dignified in demeanor and voice, Colman created an image of kindness, humor, erudition, and romantic appeal. His films include…