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Shippen, William, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Shippen, William, Jr., 1736–1808, American surgeon, b. Philadelphia, M.D. Edinburgh, 1761. A pioneer lecturer on anatomy and midwifery, he was instrumental in the organization (1765)…

Sloan, Alfred Pritchard, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Sloan, Alfred Pritchard, Jr., 1875–1966, American businessman and philanthropist, b. New Haven, Conn., grad. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1895. He began his career as a…

Reed, Walter

(Encyclopedia) Reed, Walter, 1851–1902, American army surgeon, b. Gloucester co., Va. In 1900 he was sent to Havana as head of an army commission to investigate an outbreak of yellow fever among…

Speusippus

(Encyclopedia) SpeusippusSpeusippusspy&oomacr;sĭpˈəs [key], fl. 347–339 b.c., Greek philosopher; disciple and nephew of Plato, whom he succeeded as head of the Academy. Speusippus distinguished…

Álvarez Álvarez, Luis Héctor

(Encyclopedia) Álvarez Álvarez, Luis Héctor, 1919–2016, Mexican political leader and businessman, b. Camargo, Chihuahua state, Mexico. A textile industry executive, he was a member of the…

commutation of sentence

(Encyclopedia) commutation of sentence, in criminal law, reduction of a sentence for a criminal act by action of the executive head of the government. Like pardon, commutation of sentence is a matter…

Cooper, Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Cooper, Samuel, 1609–72, one of the greatest English miniaturists. A student of Hoskins, he worked in London from c.1642. He painted portraits of numerous celebrated Englishmen. His…

Crvenkovski, Branko

(Encyclopedia) Crvenkovski, Branko, 1962–, North Macedonian political leader, b. Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina). An electrical engineer, he worked in industry before being…

Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould

(Encyclopedia) Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould, 1956–, Mauritanian military and political leader, president of Mauritania (2019–). He joined the military in the late 1970s, rising to become commander of the…

Grand Manan

(Encyclopedia) Grand MananGrand Mananmənănˈ [key], island c.16 mi (26 km) long and c.7 mi (11.3 km) wide, S N.B. Canada, in the Bay of Fundy. On the north and west sides are bold cliffs, rising from…