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Boris III

(Encyclopedia) Boris III, 1894–1943, czar of Bulgaria (1918–43), son of Czar Ferdinand, on whose abdication he succeeded to the throne. He ruled constitutionally until 1934, then set up a military…

Peter I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) Peter I, 1320–67, king of Portugal (1357–67), son and successor of Alfonso IV. He married (1336) Constance Manuel, a Castilian noblewoman, but subsequently fell in love with one of her…

Tales from Shakespeare: The Tempest

The Tempest There was a certain island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which were an old man, whose name was Prospero, and his daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady. She came to…

Austria Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Austria Index: People and History Government Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations U.S.-Austrian Relations PEOPLE AND HISTORYAustrians are a…

Portugal: Kings, Queens, Presidents

Kings and Queens AIfonso I (1128-1185) Sancho I (1185-1211) AIfonso II (1211-1223) Sancho II (1223-1245) AIfonso III (1248-1279) Diniz (1279-1325) AIfonso IV (1325-1357) Pedro I (1357-1367…

Alcalá de Henares

(Encyclopedia) Alcalá de Henares Alcalá de Henares älkäläˈ dā ānäˈrās [key], town, Madrid prov., central Spain, on the Henares River. Chemicals, plastics, electrical…

Francis II, king of the Two Sicilies

(Encyclopedia) Francis II, 1836–94, last king of the Two Sicilies (1859–61), son and successor of Ferdinand II. A weak ruler, he let his ministers follow his father's reactionary policy. Faced with…

Holy League

(Encyclopedia) Holy League, in Italian history, alliance formed (1510–11) by Pope Julius II during the Italian Wars for the purpose of expelling Louis XII of France from Italy, thereby consolidating…

Livorno

(Encyclopedia) LivornoLivornolē vôrˈnô [key], Brit. Leghorn, city (1991 pop. 167,512), capital of Livorno prov., Tuscany, central Italy, on the Ligurian Sea and on the Aurelian Way. It is a busy…

Laibach, Congress of

(Encyclopedia) Laibach, Congress ofLaibach, Congress oflīˈbäkh [key], conference of European powers in 1821, held in what is now Ljubljana, Slovenia. The chief powers at the congress were Russia,…