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Berkshire

(Encyclopedia) BerkshireBerkshirebärkˈshĭr, –shər, bûrkˈ– [key] or BerksBerksbärks, bûrks [key], former county, S central England. Part of the ancient kingdom of Wessex and the birthplace of King…

Balaklava

(Encyclopedia) BalaklavaBalaklavabələkläˈvə [key], section of the city of Sevastopol, on the Crimean peninsula. In ancient times it was an important Greek commercial city. In the Middle Ages it…

Nicolson, Sir Harold

(Encyclopedia) Nicolson, Sir Harold, 1886–1968, English biographer, historian, and diplomat, b. Tehran, Iran. Educated at Oxford, he entered the foreign office in 1909, and, until his resignation 20…

Cameron, Julia Margaret

(Encyclopedia) Cameron, Julia MargaretCameron, Julia Margaretkămˈərən [key], 1815–79, English pioneer photographer, b. Calcutta (now Kolkata). Born and married into the high ranks of the British…

Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount

(Encyclopedia) Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount, 1742–1811, British lawyer and politician. He was solicitor general for Scotland (1766–75), entered Parliament in 1774, and became lord advocate in…

Basingstoke

(Encyclopedia) Basingstoke Basingstoke bāˈzĭngstōk [key], city, Hampshire, S central England, on the North Downs.…

Ewing, Sir James Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Ewing, Sir James AlfredEwing, Sir James Alfredy&oomacr;ˈĭng [key], 1855–1935, Scottish engineer and physicist. As professor at Tokyo (1878–83), Dundee (1883–90), and Cambridge (…

Marne, battle of the

(Encyclopedia) Marne, battle of the, two important battles of World War I that are named for the Marne River. In the first battle (Sept. 6–9, 1914) the German advance on Paris was halted at the Marne…

Brashear, John Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Brashear, John AlfredBrashear, John Alfredbrəshērˈ [key], 1840–1920, American maker of scientific instruments and educator, b. Brownsville, Pa. A mechanic by trade, he taught himself…