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Kindi, al-

(Encyclopedia) Kindi, al- (Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishak al-Kindi)Kindi, al-äˈb&oomacr; y&oomacr;s&oobreve;fˈ yäk&oomacr;bˈ ĭbˈən ēshäkˈ ăl-kĭnˈdē [key], 9th cent. Arab philosopher, b.…

Abd al-Malik

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-MalikAbd al-Malikäbˌd&oobreve;l-mälĭkˈ [key], c.646–705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685–705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the…

Al Hillah

(Encyclopedia) Al HillahAl Hillahäl hĭlˈlä [key], city (1987 pop. 268,834), provincial capital, central Iraq, on a branch of the Euphrates River. It was built (c.1100) largely of material taken from…

Al Kufah

(Encyclopedia) Al KufahAl Kufahäl k&oomacr;ˈfä [key], town, S central Iraq. Founded (638) by Caliph Umar I, it was one of the two Muslim centers (the other was Basra) of the early Ummayad caliphs.

Kharga

(Encyclopedia) KhargaKhargakhärˈgə [key] or Al KharijahAl Kharijahäl khärˈēnjä [key], large oasis (1986 pop. 38,544), S central Egypt, in the Libyan (Western) Desert. Populated chiefly by Arab…

Nizam al-Mulk

(Encyclopedia) Nizam al-MulkNizam al-Mulknĭzˈəm äl mûlk [key], c.1018–92, vizier (1063–92) under two Seljuk (see Turks) sultans. Of Persian descent, he was early educated in administration, serving…

Islamic State

(Encyclopedia) Islamic State (IS), Sunni Islamic militant group committed to the establishment of an Islamic caliphate that would unite Muslims in a transnational, strict-fundamentalist Islamic state…

Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani

(Encyclopedia) Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, 1932–2016, emir of Qatar (1972–95). Khalifa was the son of Hamad bin Abdullah al-Thani, the second emir's heir apparent, but Hamad died (1948) before the…