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Vizcarra, Martín

(Encyclopedia) Vizcarra, Martín (Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo), 1963–, Peruvian political leader. A civil engineer, he worked from 1992 to 2010 in his family's construction business. As a member…

Tirole, Jean Marcel

(Encyclopedia) Tirole, Jean Marcel, 1953–, French economist, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1981. He was a professor of at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1984–91) and École…

Adnan, Etel

(Encyclopedia) Adnan, Etel, 1925-2021, Lebanese-American author and artist, b. Beirut, Lebanon. Adnan studied at the Sorbonne and did postgraduate work at the Univ. of Calif., Berkeley…

Benjamin, Walter

(Encyclopedia) Benjamin, Walter, 1892–1940, German essayist and critic. He is known for his synthesis of eccentric Marxist theory and Jewish messianism. In particular, his essays on Charles…

Thaçi, Hashim

(Encyclopedia) Thaçi, HashimThaçi, Hashimhäshēmˈ thäˈchē [key], 1968–, Kosovar political leader. An ethnic Albanian, he studied history and politics at Priština Univ., becoming active in Kosovo's…

Polke, Sigmar

(Encyclopedia) Polke, Sigmar, 1941–2011, innovative German artist best known for his paintings and photography. His family immigrated from East to West Germany in 1953, and he lived in Düsseldorf,…

Baker, Howard Henry, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Baker, Howard Henry, Jr., 1925–2014, U.S. politician and public official, b. Huntsville, Tenn., grad. Univ. of Tennessee Law College 1949. The son of Howard Henry Baker, 1902–64, a…

Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-

(Encyclopedia) Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-, nom de guerre of Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai, 1971–2019, Iraqi jihadist leader. Following the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, he helped found a Sunni…

Panetta, Leon Edward

(Encyclopedia) Panetta, Leon Edward, 1938–, U.S. politician and government official, b. Monterey, Calif., grad. Univ. of Santa Clara, Calif. (B.A., 1960), Santa Clara Law School (1963). After serving…

Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st earl of, d. 1219, English nobleman. He became (1170) a guardian of Prince Henry, eldest son of Henry II, and supported him in his abortive rebellion (…