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Berkovits, Eliezer

(Encyclopedia) Berkovits, EliezerBerkovits, Eliezerĕlˌēāˈzər brˈkōvĭts [key], 1908–92, rabbi, theologian, and educator, b. Romania. He served in the rabbinate in Berlin (1934–39), in Leeds, England (…

Arctic, the

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Arctic, the northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole. The arctic regions are not coextensive with the area enclosed by the Arctic Circle (lat. 66°30′N) but are…

communistic settlements

(Encyclopedia) communistic settlements, communities practicing common ownership of goods. Communistic settlements were known in ancient and medieval times, but the flowering of such groups occurred…

Great Depression

(Encyclopedia) Great Depression, in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis generally considered to have been precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of 1929. Although it shared the basic…

Lyons, First Council of

(Encyclopedia) Lyons, First Council ofLyons, First Council oflyôNˈ [key], 1245, 13th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened at Lyons, France, by Pope Innocent IV to deal with his…

Hearst, William Randolph

(Encyclopedia) Hearst, William Randolph, 1863–1951, American journalist and publisher, b. San Francisco. A flamboyant, highly controversial figure, Hearst was nonetheless an intelligent and extremely…

Cloisters, the

(Encyclopedia) Cloisters, the, museum of medieval European art, in Fort Tryon Park, New York City, overlooking the Hudson River. A branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, it was opened to the…

Communist party, in the United States

(Encyclopedia) Communist party, in the United States, political party that espoused the Marxist-Leninist principles of communism. In 1945, Browder's policy was attacked as being one of the “right…