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Friedan, Betty Naomi

(Encyclopedia) Friedan, Betty NaomiFriedan, Betty Naomifrēdănˈ [key], 1921–2006, American social reformer and feminist, b. Peoria, Ill. as Bettye Goldstein, educated at Smith College (B.A., 1942) and…

Martínez, Elizabeth Sutherland

(Encyclopedia) Martínez, Elizabeth Sutherland, 1925-2021, American journalist, author, and Chicana activist, b. Washington, D.C. , Swarthmore College…

Chartism

(Encyclopedia) Chartism, workingmen's political reform movement in Great Britain, 1838–48. It derived its name from the People's Charter, a document published in May, 1838, that called for voting by…

Ethiopia Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Ethiopia Index: Geography People History Government and Political Conditions Economy Defense Foreign Relations U.S.-Ethiopia Relations GEOGRAPHYEthiopia is…

Manning, Henry Edward

(Encyclopedia) Manning, Henry Edward, 1808–92, English churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Ordained a Catholic priest, Manning became a celebrated confessor, an ardent advocate of…

Students for a Democratic Society

(Encyclopedia) Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), in U.S. history, a radical student organization of the 1960s. In the influential Port Huron (Mich.) Statement (1962), the organization, founded…

modernismo

(Encyclopedia) modernismomodernismomōᵺārnēˈsmō [key], movement in Spanish literature that had its beginning in Latin America. It was paramount in the last decade of the 19th cent. and the first…

color-field painting

(Encyclopedia) color-field painting, abstract art movement that originated in the 1960s. Coming after the abstract expressionism of the 1950s, color-field painting represents a sharp change from the…

Young Women's Christian Association

(Encyclopedia) Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), organization whose stated mission is “to empower women and girls and to eliminate racism.” The movement is nondenominational. It grew out of…

nudism

(Encyclopedia) nudism or naturism, practice of going without clothing in social settings, generally in mixed gender groups and for purposes of good health or personal comfort. Governed by a strict…