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McNamara, Robert Strange

(Encyclopedia) McNamara, Robert StrangeMcNamara, Robert Strangemăkˈnəmârˌə [key], 1916–2009, U.S. secretary of defense (1961–68), b. San Francisco, grad Univ. of California, Berkeley (B.A., 1937),…

Acheson, Dean Gooderham

(Encyclopedia) Acheson, Dean GooderhamAcheson, Dean Gooderhamăchˈĭsən [key], 1893–1971, U.S. secretary of state (1949–53), b. Middletown, Conn., grad. Yale, Harvard Law School. He was (1919–21)…

Young, Iris Marion

(Encyclopedia) Young, Iris Marion, 1949–2006, American philosopher and political theorist, b. New York, Ph.D. Penn State University, 1974. An activist-…

siege

(Encyclopedia) siege, assault against a city or fortress with the purpose of capturing it. The history of siegecraft parallels the development of fortification and, later, artillery. In early times…

speech, freedom of

(Encyclopedia) speech, freedom of, liberty to speak and otherwise express oneself and one's opinions. Like freedom of the press (see press, freedom of the), which pertains to the publication of…

naval conferences

(Encyclopedia) naval conferences, series of international assemblies, meeting to consider limitation of naval armaments, settlement of the rules of naval war, and allied issues. The London Naval…

Arab Spring

(Encyclopedia) Arab Spring, in modern North African and Middle Eastern history, antigovernment demonstrations and uprisings that, from late 2010, swept many of the regions' Arab nations. Arising in…

torture

(Encyclopedia) torture, the intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain or suffering in order to intimidate, coerce, obtain information or a confession, or punish. In international law,…

Eritrea

(Encyclopedia) Eritrea Eritrea ĕrĭtrēˈə [key], officially State of Eritrea, republic (2021 est. pop. 3,616,635…

Truman, Harry S.

(Encyclopedia) Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972, 33d President of the United States, b. Lamar, Mo. Truman remained active in politics for many years after his retirement, campaigning around the…