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collective bargaining

(Encyclopedia) collective bargaining, in labor relations, procedure whereby an employer or employers agree to discuss the conditions of work by bargaining with representatives of the employees,…

détente

(Encyclopedia) détente, relaxation of tensions between nations, applied particularly to a period of improved relations between the United States and Soviet Union in the 1960s and 70s that resulted as…

Energy, United States Department of

(Encyclopedia) Energy, United States Department of, executive department of the federal government responsible for coordinating national activities relating to the production, regulation, marketing,…

Harriman, William Averell

(Encyclopedia) Harriman, William AverellHarriman, William Averellāˈvərəl [key], 1891–1986, American public official; son of E. H. Harriman. Expanding his railroad inheritance, W. Averell Harriman…

Bouterse, Désiré Delano

(Encyclopedia) Bouterse, Désiré Delano, 1945–, Surinamese military and political leader, president of Suriname (2010–20). He received military training in the Netherlands and was stationed at a…

Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine

(Encyclopedia) Ben Ali, Zine el-AbidineBen Ali, Zine el-Abidinezēˈnĕl abĭdēn bĕn älēˈ [key], 1936–2019, president of Tunisia (1987–2011). Educated in France and the United States, he entered the army…

Commonwealth of Independent States

(Encyclopedia) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), community of independent nations established by a treaty signed at Minsk, Belarus, on Dec. 8, 1991, by the heads of state of Russia, Belarus,…

Foreign Ministers, Council of

(Encyclopedia) Foreign Ministers, Council of, organization of the foreign ministers of the World War II Allies—the United States, Great Britain, France, and the USSR—that, in a long series of…

virtual currency

(Encyclopedia) virtual currency, a means of payment that is electronically created and stored, more specifically an unregulated electronic medium of exchange that operates like a currency but is…

Ramos-Horta, José

(Encyclopedia) Ramos-Horta, José, 1949–, East Timorese independence advocate and political leader; co-recipient, with Carlos Belo, of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize. After engaging in anti-Portuguese…