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South African War

(Encyclopedia) South African War or Boer War, 1899–1902, war of the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State against Great Britain. The Boers accepted British sovereignty in…

corrosion

(Encyclopedia) corrosion, atmospheric oxidation of metals (see oxidation and reduction). By far the most important form of corrosion is the rusting of iron. Rusting is essentially a process of…

Freedmen's Bureau

(Encyclopedia) Freedmen's Bureau, in U.S. history, a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. Established by an act of Mar. 3, 1865, under…

Ghiberti, Lorenzo

(Encyclopedia) Ghiberti, LorenzoGhiberti, Lorenzolōrĕnˈtsō gēbĕrˈtē [key], c.1378–1455, Florentine sculptor. He received his early training in the workshop of Bartoluccio. In 1401 he entered the…

lobbying

(Encyclopedia) lobbying, practice and profession of influencing governmental decisions, carried out by agents who present the concerns of special interests to legislators and administrators. The term…

Lumumba, Patrice Emergy

(Encyclopedia) Lumumba, Patrice Emergy Lumumba, Patrice Emergy pətrēsˈ ĕmârzhēˈ l&oomacr;m&oomacr;mˈbä…

tin

(Encyclopedia) tin, metallic chemical element; symbol Sn [Lat. stannum]; at. no. 50; at. wt. 118.710; m.p. 231.9681℃; b.p. 2,270℃; sp. gr. 5.75 (gray), 7.3 (white); valence +2 or +4. Tin exhibits…

tribune

(Encyclopedia) tribune, in ancient Rome, one of various officers. The history of the office of tribune is closely associated with the struggle of the plebs against the patrician class to achieve a…

Pizarro, Gonzalo

(Encyclopedia) Pizarro, GonzaloPizarro, Gonzalogônthäˈlō [key]Pizarro, Gonzalo pēthärˈrō [key], c.1506–1548, Spanish conquistador, brother of Francisco Pizarro. A lieutenant of his brother in the…

siege

(Encyclopedia) siege, assault against a city or fortress with the purpose of capturing it. The history of siegecraft parallels the development of fortification and, later, artillery. In early times…