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Jenkins of Hillhead, Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Jenkins of Hillhead, Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron, 1920–2003, British politician, b. Abersychan, Wales; grad. Oxford. He entered the House of Commons in 1948 as a Labour member and soon…

Ouattara, Alassane

(Encyclopedia) Ouattara, AlassaneOuattara, Alassaneäläsänˈ wäˈtärä [key], 1942–, Ivorian economist and politician, grad. Univ. of Pennsylvania (M.A. 1967, Ph.D. 1972). A Muslim from N Côte d'Ivoire,…

Mobutu Sese Seko

(Encyclopedia) Mobutu Sese SekoMobutu Sese Sekomōb&oomacr;ˈtō sāˈsā sāˈkō [key], 1930–97, president of Zaïre (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Born Joseph Désiré Mobutu, he returned…

Aldrin, Buzz

(Encyclopedia) Aldrin, BuzzAldrin, Buzzôlˈdrĭn [key] (Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr.), 1930–, American astronaut, b. Montclair, N.J. After graduating from West Point (1951), Aldrin joined the U.S. air…

Colby, William Egan

(Encyclopedia) Colby, William Egan, 1920–96, American public official, b. St. Paul, Minn., grad. Princeton, 1940. During World War II he served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and in 1944…

Clark, Dick

(Encyclopedia) Clark, Dick,, 1929-2012, American radio and TV broadcaster and producer, b. Bronxville, N.Y., as Richard Wagstaff Clark; Syracuse Univ…

Cluniac order

(Encyclopedia) Cluniac orderCluniac orderkl&oomacr;ˈnē-ăkˌ [key], medieval organization of Benedictines centered at the abbey of Cluny, France. Founded in 910 by the monk Berno and Count William…

Fisher, John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Fisher, John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st BaronFisher, John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baronärbŭthˈnət [key], 1841–1920, British admiral. Entering the navy in 1854, he specialized in gunnery and…

force bill

(Encyclopedia) force bill, popular name for several laws in U.S. history, notably the act of Mar. 2, 1833, and the Reconstruction acts of May 31, 1870; Feb. 28, 1871; and Apr. 20, 1871. The first…

Farmer, James Leonard, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Farmer, James Leonard, Jr., 1920–99, African-American civil-rights leader who was one of the principal civil-rights figures of the 1950s and 60s, b. Marshall, Tex., grad. Wiley College…