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Reed, Ishmael Scott

(Encyclopedia) Reed, Ishmael Scott, 1938- , African-American novelist, poet, and social critic, b. Chattanooga, Tn. When he was a child, Reed’s…

symbolists

(Encyclopedia) symbolists, in literature, a school originating in France toward the end of the 19th cent. in reaction to the naturalism and realism of the period. Designed to convey impressions by…

Alvarez, A.

(Encyclopedia) Alvarez, A. (Alfred Alvarez)Alvarez, A.ălvärˈĕz, ălˈvərĕzˌ [key], 1929–2019, English writer, critic, and poet. He was a theater critic, a writer for the British Broadcasting Corp., a…

Andersen, Hans Christian

(Encyclopedia) Andersen, Hans Christian, 1805–75, Danish poet, novelist, and writer of fairy tales. Born to an illiterate washerwoman and reared in poverty, he left Odense at 14 for Copenhagen, where…

Hughes, Ted

(Encyclopedia) Hughes, Ted (Edward James Hughes), 1930–98, English poet, b. Mytholmyroyd, Yorkshire, studied Cambridge. Hughes's best poetry focuses on the unsentimental within nature. His poems are…

Masefield, John

(Encyclopedia) Masefield, JohnMasefield, Johnmās– [key], 1878–1967, English poet. He went to sea as a youth and later spent several years in the United States. In 1897 he returned to England and was…

Merwin, W. S.

(Encyclopedia) Merwin, W. S. (William Stanley Merwin), 1927–2019, American poet and translator, b. New York City. After graduating from Princeton in 1948, he traveled in Europe, working as a tutor…

Breytenbach, Breyten

(Encyclopedia) Breytenbach, BreytenBreytenbach, Breytenbrīˈtən brīˈtənbäkh [key], 1939–, South African writer, painter, and activist. Although he is from a distinguished Afrikaner family, he soon…

Berryman, John

(Encyclopedia) Berryman, JohnBerryman, Johnbĕrˈēmən [key], 1914–72, American poet and critic, b. McAlester, Okla., as John Allyn Smith, Jr., grad. Columbia, 1936, also studied at Cambridge. His…

Wilbur, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Wilbur, Richard, 1921–2017, American poet and translator, b. New York City, B.A. Amherst, 1942, M.A. Harvard, 1947. A virtuoso craftsman who wrote with grace and precision in…