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Carnegie, Andrew

(Encyclopedia) Carnegie, AndrewCarnegie, Andrewkärnĕgˈē, kärˈnəgē [key], 1835–1919, American industrialist and philanthropist, b. Dunfermline, Scotland. His father, a weaver, found it increasingly…

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail Borisovich

(Encyclopedia) Khodorkovsky, Mikhail BorisovichKhodorkovsky, Mikhail Borisovichmēkhəyēlˈ bərēˈsəvĭch kōdôrkôfˈskē [key], 1963–, Russian business executive. In the waning years of the Soviet Union, he…

Field, Marshall

(Encyclopedia) Field, Marshall, 1834–1906, American merchant, b. Conway, Mass. In 1856, after five years' apprenticeship in a general store in Pittsfield, Mass., he went to Chicago and became a clerk…

Library of Congress

(Encyclopedia) Library of Congress, national library of the United States, Washington, D.C., est. 1800. It occcupies three buildings on Capitol Hill: The Thomas Jefferson Building (1897), the John…

Treasury, United States Department of the

(Encyclopedia) Treasury, United States Department of the, federal executive department established in 1789. It is charged with advising the president on fiscal policy and acting as fiscal agent for…

Holocaust

(Encyclopedia) HolocaustHolocausthŏlˈəkôstˌ, hōˈlə– [key], name given to the period of persecution and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany. Romani (Gypsies), homosexuals, Jehovah's…

foreign aid

(Encyclopedia) foreign aid, economic, military, technical, and financial assistance given on an international, and usually intergovernmental level. U.S. foreign aid programs have included at least…

child welfare

(Encyclopedia) child welfare, services provided for the care of disadvantaged children. Foundling institutions for orphans and abandoned children were the earliest attempts at child care, usually…

Lévi-Strauss, Claude

(Encyclopedia) Lévi-Strauss, ClaudeLévi-Strauss, Claudeklōd lāˈvē-strous [key], 1908–2009, French anthropologist, b. Brussels, Belgium, Ph.D Univ. of Paris, 1948. He carried out research in Brazil…

Mezzogiorno

(Encyclopedia) MezzogiornoMezzogiornomĕtˌsōjôrˈnō [key], region of S Italy. The Mezzogiorno comprises the modern Italian regions of Abruzzi, Campania, Molise, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, and the…