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martial arts

(Encyclopedia) martial arts, various forms of self-defense, usually weaponless, based on techniques developed in ancient China, India, and Tibet. In modern times they have come into wide use for self…

decay of organic matter

(Encyclopedia) decay of organic matter or putrefaction, process whereby heterotrophic organisms, including some bacteria, fungi, saprophytic plants, and lower animals, utilize the remains of once-…

D'Avenant, Sir William

(Encyclopedia) D'Avenant or Davenant, Sir WilliamD'Avenant or Davenant, Sir Williamdăvˈənənt [key], 1606–68, English poet, playwright, and theatrical producer. His life and work bridge the gap…

Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley

(Encyclopedia) Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley, 1882–1944, British astronomer and physicist. He was chief assistant (1906–13) at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and was from 1913 Plumian professor of…

Dingell, John David, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Dingell, John David, Jr., 1928–2019, American congressman, b. Colorado Springs, Colo.; grad. Georgetown Univ. (B.S., 1949; J.D., 1952). He served in the Army (1944–46) and after a…

Archaebacteria

(Encyclopedia) ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteriaärˌkēbăktĭrˈēə [key], diverse group of bacteria (prokaryotes), sometimes called the archaea and considered a major group unto themselves. Archaebacteria are…

Eigen, Manfred

(Encyclopedia) Eigen, Manfred, 1927–2019, German biophysicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Göttingen, 1951. Eigen was on the faculty at the Univ. of Göttingen from 1951 to 1953. He joined the Max Planck Institute…

Yung-lo

(Encyclopedia) Yung-loYung-loy&oomacr;ng-lô [key], 1359–1424, reign title of the 3d emperor (1403–24) of the Chinese Ming dynasty, whose personal name was Chu Ti. He rose to power in N China…

Boyle, Richard, 1st earl of Cork

(Encyclopedia) Boyle, Richard, 1st earl of Cork, 1566–1643, English settler in Ireland. He first went to Ireland in 1588 and in 1602 purchased for a small sum Sir Walter Raleigh's large landholdings…

Nielsen, A. C.

(Encyclopedia) Nielsen, A. C. (Arthur Charles Nielsen)Nielsen, A. C.nēlˈsən [key], 1897–1980, American market researcher, b. Chicago, grad. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison (B.S., 1918). He worked as an…