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hysteresis

(Encyclopedia) hysteresishysteresishĭsˌtərēˈsĭs [key], phenomenon in which the response of a physical system to an external influence depends not only on the present magnitude of that influence but…

chemical reaction

(Encyclopedia) chemical reaction, process by which one or more substances may be transformed into one or more new substances. Energy is released or is absorbed, but no loss in total molecular weight…

ElBaradei, Mohamed

(Encyclopedia) ElBaradei, MohamedElBaradei, Mohamedĕlbäräˈdā [key], 1942–, Egyptian lawyer and United Nations diplomat, b. Cairo, grad. Univ. of Cairo (1962), New York Univ. School of Law (1974). He…

enthalpy

(Encyclopedia) enthalpyenthalpyĕnˈthălpē [key], measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system; it is a quantity derived from the heat and work relations studied in thermodynamics. As a…

Tymoshenko, Yulia Volodymyrivna

(Encyclopedia) Tymoshenko, Yulia Volodymyrivna, 1960–, Ukrainian political leader, prime minister of Ukraine (2005, 2007–10), b. Dnipro (Dnipropetrovsk). She studied economics and cybernetics at…

Planck, Max

(Encyclopedia) Planck, MaxPlanck, Maxmäks plängk [key], 1858–1947, German physicist. Seeking to explain the experimental spectrum (distribution of electromagnetic energy according to wavelength) of…

atom

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Bohr-Rutherford atom CE5 Probability distribution of the electron in the hydrogen atom: A. Ground state B. Highly excited state atom [Gr.,=uncuttable (indivisible)],…

Itaipú Dam

(Encyclopedia) Itaipú DamItaipú Damētīˈp&oomacr; [key], hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River, on the Brazil-Paraguay border. Jointly constructed (1975–91) by Brazil and Paraguay, it is the…

Miki, Takeo

(Encyclopedia) Miki, Takeo, 1907–88, Japanese politician, prime minister of Japan (1974–76). He attended Meiji Univ. and the Univ. of California, Los Angeles, and was first elected to the Diet in…

Chamberlain, Owen

(Encyclopedia) Chamberlain, Owen, 1920–2006, American physicist, b. San Francisco, Calif., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1948. He was on the faculty at the Univ. of California, Berkeley, from 1949 until…