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Grace, William Russell

(Encyclopedia) Grace, William Russell, 1832–1904, American financier, b. Queenstown, Ireland. He was in business in England and Peru before establishing (1865) W. R. Grace & Company in New York…

Home Owners' Loan Corporation

(Encyclopedia) Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), former U.S. government agency established in 1933 to help stabilize real estate that had depreciated during the depression and to refinance the…

Echandi Jiménez, Mario

(Encyclopedia) Echandi Jiménez, MarioEchandi Jiménez, Mariomärˈyō āchänˈdē hēmāˈnās [key], 1915–2011, president of Costa Rica (1958–62). A lawyer, he served as ambassador to the United States (1950–…

Draghi, Mario

(Encyclopedia) Draghi, Mario Draghi, Mario mäˈēō drägˈē [key], 1947–, Italian economist and government and…

Young Plan

(Encyclopedia) Young Plan, program for settlement of German reparations debts after World War I. It was presented by the committee headed (1929–30) by Owen D. Young. After the Dawes Plan was put into…

war debts

(Encyclopedia) war debts. This article discusses the obligations incurred by foreign governments for loans made to them by the United States during and shortly after World War I. For international…

Cornbury, Edward Hyde, Viscount

(Encyclopedia) Cornbury, Edward Hyde, ViscountCornbury, Edward Hyde, Viscountkôrnˈbərē [key], 1661–1723, colonial governor of New York and New Jersey (1702–8). Appointed governor by William III, he…

Gillray, James

(Encyclopedia) Gillray, JamesGillray, Jamesgĭlˈrā [key], 1757–1815, English caricaturist and illustrator. He was essentially self-trained although he studied at the Royal Academy and on the Continent…

Iriarte, Tomás de

(Encyclopedia) Iriarte, Tomás deIriarte, Tomás detōmäsˈ dā ēryärˈtā [key], 1750–91, Spanish poet and dramatist, b. Canary Islands. He spent most of his life in Madrid, where, like many of his…

Lyons, Joseph Aloysius

(Encyclopedia) Lyons, Joseph AloysiusLyons, Joseph Aloysiuslīˈənz [key], 1879–1939, Australian statesman, b. Tasmania. He left schoolteaching in 1909 to enter political life, was a Labour member of…