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Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne

(Encyclopedia) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ÉtienneGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienneātyĕnˈ zhôfrwäˈ săNtēlĕrˈ [key], 1772–1844, French zoologist. He was professor at the Museum of Natural History (1793–1840…

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

(Encyclopedia) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, a fundamental document of French constitutional history, drafted by Emmanuel Sieyès, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on Aug. 26, 1789…

Hayne, Robert Young

(Encyclopedia) Hayne, Robert Young, 1791–1839, American statesman, b. Colleton District, S.C. Having served in the South Carolina legislature (1814–18) and as attorney general of South Carolina (1818…

Jessup, Philip Caryl

(Encyclopedia) Jessup, Philip Caryl, 1897–1986, American authority on international law, b. New York City, grad. Hamilton College, 1919, LL.B. Yale, 1924, Ph.D. Columbia, 1927. He was admitted (1925…

psycholinguistics

(Encyclopedia) psycholinguistics, the study of psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. An important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious…

Mapplethorpe, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Mapplethorpe, RobertMapplethorpe, Robertmāˈpəlthôrpˌ [key], 1946–89, American photographer, b. New York City. He is known for his elegantly expressive black-and-white studies of male…

Johnson, William Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, William Samuel, 1727–1819, American political leader and president of Columbia College (1787–1800), b. Stratford, Conn. A lawyer in Connecticut, he soon became a leading…

Suzman, Helen

(Encyclopedia) Suzman, Helen, 1917–2009, South African politician and anti-apartheid activist, b. Helen Gavronsky, grad. Univ. of Witwatersrand (1940). The daughter of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants,…

Jay's Treaty

(Encyclopedia) Jay's Treaty, concluded in 1794 between the United States and Great Britain to settle difficulties arising mainly out of violations of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and to regulate…