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Bogardus, James

(Encyclopedia) Bogardus, JamesBogardus, Jamesbōgärˈdəs [key], 1800–1874, American architect, b. Catskill, N.Y. Among the first to use cast iron in the construction of building facades, Bogardus was…

cross-laminated timber

(Encyclopedia) cross-laminated timber (CLT), manufactured wood panels that consist of layers of boards glued together under pressure with the grain of the boards in one layer running perpendicular to…

Bacow, Lawrence Seldon

(Encyclopedia) Bacow, Lawence Seldon, 1951–, American educator and lawyer, b. Detroit, S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1972, J.D., M.P.P. Harvard, 1976, Ph.D. Harvard, 1978. Bacow was on…

United Nations Development Program

(Encyclopedia) United Nations Development Program (UNDP), agency of the United Nations, established in 1965 to unify the operations of the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance and the United…

Shechtman, Daniel S.

(Encyclopedia) Shechtman, Daniel S., 1941–, Israeli materials scientist, Ph.D. Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), 1972. Shechtman, who joined the faculty at Technion in 1975, received the…

Hänsch, Theodor Wolfgang

(Encyclopedia) Hänsch, Theodor Wolfgang, 1941–, German physicist, Ph.D. Heidelberg, 1969. He was a professor at Stanford from 1975 to 1986 and then became head of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum…

Emmett W. Chappelle Biography

Emmett W. ChappellebiochemistBorn: 10/25/1925Birthplace: Phoenix, Ariz. Emmett W. Chappelle earned a B.S. degree from the University of California in 1950, and from 1950 to 1953 he served as…

Jewel Plummer Cobb Biography

Jewel Plummer Cobbbiologist, physiologistBorn: 1/17/1924Birthplace: Chicago, Ill. Jewel Plummer Cobb has had wide-ranging influence in the sciences. Awarded a Ph.D. in cell physiology from…

Clarence L. Elder Biography

Clarence L. Elderengineer and inventorBorn: 1935Birthplace: Georgia A native of Georgia, Clarence Elder founded Elder Systems Incorporated, a research and development company located in…