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games, theory of

(Encyclopedia) games, theory of, group of mathematical theories first developed by John Von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. A game consists of a set of rules governing a competitive situation in which…

Messiah

(Encyclopedia) MessiahMessiahməsīˈə [key] or MessiasMessiasməsīˈəs [key] [Heb.,=anointed], in Judaism, a man who would be sent by God to restore Israel and reign righteously for all humanity. The…

memory, in psychology

(Encyclopedia) memory, in psychology, the storing of learned information, and the ability to recall that which has been stored. It has been hypothesized that three processes occur in remembering:…

Eddy, Mary Baker

(Encyclopedia) Eddy, Mary Baker, 1821–1910, founder of the Christian Science movement, b. Bow, N.H. As physical frailty prevented her regular school attendance, she spent the early part of her…

exile, in politics and government

(Encyclopedia) exile, removal of a national from his or her country, or the civilized parts of it, for a long period of time or for life. Exile may be a forceful expulsion by the government or a…

Moore, George Edward

(Encyclopedia) Moore, George Edward, 1873–1958, English philosopher, b. Upper Norwood. He was educated at Cambridge, where he was a fellow (1898–1904) and then a lecturer (1911–25) in the department…

nationality

(Encyclopedia) nationality, in political theory, the quality of belonging to a nation, in the sense of a group united by various strong ties. Among the usual ties are membership in the same general…

Senghor, Léopold Sédar

(Encyclopedia) Senghor, Léopold SédarSenghor, Léopold Sédarlāôpôldˈ sādärˈ säNgôrˈ [key], 1906–2001, African statesman and poet; president (1960–80) of the Republic of Senegal, b. Joal. The son of a…

quantum chromodynamics

(Encyclopedia) quantum chromodynamics (QCD), quantum field theory that describes the properties of the strong interactions between quarks and between protons and neutrons in the framework of quantum…

Michael Dell Biography

Michael Dellentrepreneur, founder of Dell Computer CorporationBorn: 2/23/1965Birthplace: Houston, Tex. Having begun selling computers out of his dorm room at the University of Texas, Dell…