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John III, king of Poland

(Encyclopedia) John III (John Sobieski)John IIIsôbyĕˈskē [key], 1624–96, king of Poland (1674–96), champion of Christian Europe against the Ottomans. Born to an ancient noble family, he was appointed…

Noriega, Manuel Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Noriega, Manuel AntonioNoriega, Manuel Antoniomänwĕlˈ äntōˈnyō nôryāˈgə [key], 1934–2017, Panamanian general. Commander of the Panamanian Defense Forces from 1983, when he promoted…

Obasanjo, Olusegun

(Encyclopedia) Obasanjo, OlusegunObasanjo, Olusegunōl&oomacr;ˈshĕg&oomacr;n ōbāˈsănjō [key], 1937–, Nigerian military officer and political leader, b. Abeokuta. Obasanjo, who joined the army…

Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni

(Encyclopedia) Mubarak, Muhammad HosniMubarak, Muhammad Hosnihōsˈnē m&oomacr;bəˈrək [key], 1928–2020, president of Egypt (1981–2011). Air force commander (1972–75) and vice president (1975–81) of…

Mantel, Dame Hilary

(Encyclopedia) Mantel, Dame Hilary, 1952–, English novelist, b. Hilary Mary Thompson. After working as a social worker, she moved to Botswana with her geologist husband and later to Jiddah, Saudi…

Lin Biao

(Encyclopedia) Lin Biao or Lin PiaoLin Piaoboth: lĭn byou [key], 1908–71, Chinese Communist general and political leader. Lin was trained at Whampoa Academy, and during the Northern Expedition he…

Medina Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, duque de

(Encyclopedia) Medina Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, duque deMedina Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, duque deälōnˈsō pāˈrĕth thā g&oomacr;thmänˈ d&oomacr;ˈkā ᵺā māᵺēˈnä sēᵺōˈnyä [key], 1550…

Mladić, Ratko

(Encyclopedia) Mladić, RatkoMladić, Ratkorätˈkō mlädˈĭch [key], 1942–, Bosnian Serb military leader. Raised in Tito's Yugoslavia, he joined the army, rising through the officer corps to become a…

Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Graf zu

(Encyclopedia) Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Graf zuPappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Graf zugôtˈfrēt hīnˈrĭkh gräf ts&oomacr; päˈpənhīm [key], 1594–1632, German military leader, imperial field…