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Bassiouni, M. Cherif

(Encyclopedia) Bassiouni, M. Cherif (Mahmoud Cherif Bassiouni), 1937–2017, Egyptian-American international criminal law jurist and human-rights advocate, b. Cairo. Bassiouni fought for Egypt in the…

Civil War, in U.S. history

(Encyclopedia) Civil War, in U.S. history, conflict (1861–65) between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. It is generally…

What Do You Know About Ancient Civilizations

Ancient civilizations shaped the world we live in today, and their legacy is still visible in the arts, literature, philosophy, and politics of modern societies. But how much do you know about the…

Quids

(Encyclopedia) Quids, in U.S. political history, an extreme states' rights group of Jeffersonian Republicans led by John Randolph of Virginia. Feeling that Thomas Jefferson and James Madison had…

International Civil Aviation Organization

(Encyclopedia) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), specialized agency of the United Nations, organized in 1947, with headquarters at Montreal. The objective of the ICAO, which has 190…

decorations, civil and military

(Encyclopedia) decorations, civil and military, honors bestowed by a government to reward services or achievements, particularly those implying valor. The practice of bestowing such decorations dates…

Foster, Abigail Kelley

(Encyclopedia) Foster, Abigail Kelley, 1810–87, American abolitionist and advocate of women's rights, b. near Amherst, Mass. Abby Kelley, as she was known to her contemporaries, began her crusade…

Anthony, Susan Brownell

(Encyclopedia) Anthony, Susan Brownell, 1820–1906, American reformer and leader of the woman-suffrage movement, b. Adams, Mass.; daughter of Daniel Anthony, Quaker abolitionist. From the age of 17,…