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Kaczyński, Lech Aleksander

(Encyclopedia) Kaczyński, Lech AleksanderKaczyński, Lech Aleksanderlĕkh äˌlĕksänˈdĕr kächĭnˈskē [key], 1949–2010, Polish politician, grad. Warsaw Univ. (1971), Gdańsk Univ. (Ph.D., 1979). He and his…

Roe v. Wade

(Encyclopedia) Roe v. Wade, case decided in 1973 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Along with Doe v. Bolton, this decision legalized abortion in the first…

Pramoedya Ananta Toer

(Encyclopedia) Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1925–2006, modern Indonesia's preeminent writer of fiction, b. Blora, Java. The son of a nationalist headmaster, he was a longtime journalist, involved left-wing…

Pessoa, Fernando

(Encyclopedia) Pessoa, Fernando (Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa)Pessoa, Fernandopĕsˈwä [key], 1888–1935, Portuguese poet, b. Lisbon. He moved to Durban, South Africa, as a child, becoming bilingual…

Parmigianino

(Encyclopedia) ParmigianinoParmigianinopärmējänēˈnō [key] or ParmigianoParmigiano–jäˈnō [key], 1503–40, Italian painter and etcher, one of the most sensitive mannerist artists (see mannerism) and one…

cruelty, prevention of

(Encyclopedia) cruelty, prevention of. In the 19th cent. many laws were passed in Great Britain and the United States to protect the helpless, especially children, lunatics, and domestic animals,…

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett

(Encyclopedia) Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 1806–61, English poet, b. Durham. A delicate and precocious child, she spent a great part of her early life in a state of semi-invalidism. She read…

progressive education

(Encyclopedia) progressive education, movement in American education. Confined to a period between the late 19th and mid-20th cent., the term “progressive education” is generally used to refer only…

Nibelungen

(Encyclopedia) NibelungenNibelungennēˈbəl&oobreve;ngˌən [key] or Nibelungs, in Germanic myth and literature, an evil family possessing a magic hoard of gold. The hoard is accursed. The…

autism

(Encyclopedia) autismautismôˈtĭzəm [key], developmental disability resulting from a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain. It is characterized by the abnormal…