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Benacerraf, Baruj

(Encyclopedia) Benacerraf, BarujBenacerraf, Barujbäˈr&oomacr;kh bĕnăsˈərəf [key], 1920–2011, American immunologist, b. Caracas, Venezuela, grad. Columbia (B.S., 1942), Medical College of Virginia…

thalidomide

(Encyclopedia) thalidomidethalidomidethəlĭdˈəmĭdˌ [key], sleep-inducing drug found to produce skeletal defects in developing fetuses. The drug was marketed in Europe, especially in West Germany and…

spinal puncture

(Encyclopedia) spinal puncture, surgical penetration of the spinal canal by a hollow needle introduced between two of the lumbar vertebrae. The arrangement permits injection of antibiotics or…

Steinman, Ralph Marvin

(Encyclopedia) Steinman, Ralph Marvin, 1943–2011, Canadian biologist, M.D. Harvard Medical School, 1968. He was a researcher and professor at Rockefeller Univ., New York City, from 1970 until his…

Rothman, James Edward

(Encyclopedia) Rothman, James Edward, 1950–, American cell physiologist, b. Haverhill, Mass., Ph.D. Harvard, 1976. Rothman was a professor at Stanford from 1978 to 1988 and at Princeton from 1988 to…

saccharin

(Encyclopedia) saccharinsaccharinsăkˈərĭn [key], C7H5NSO3, white, crystalline, aromatic compound. It was discovered accidentally by I. Remsen and C. Fahlberg in 1879. Pure saccharin tastes several…

Paganini, Niccolò

(Encyclopedia) Paganini, NiccolòPaganini, Niccolònēkōlōˈ pägänēˈnē [key], 1782–1840, Italian violinist, whose virtuosity became a legend. He extended the compass of the violin by his use of harmonics…

Ohsumi, Yoshinori

(Encyclopedia) Ohsumi, Yoshinori, 1945–, Japanese biologist, Ph.D. Univ. of Tokyo, 1974. He was a researcher at the Univ. of Tokyo from 1977 to 1996, when he joined the National Institute for Basic…

Ratcliffe, Sir Peter John

(Encyclopedia) Ratcliffe, Sir Peter John, 1954–, British cellular and molecular biologist, M.D., Cambridge, 1987. He has been a researcher at Oxford since 1987. Ratcliffe, along with William Kaelin…

lymphatic system

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Lymphatic system lymphatic systemlymphatic systemlĭmfătˈĭk [key], network of vessels carrying lymph, or tissue-cleansing fluid, from the tissues into the veins of the…