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Lefèvre d'Étaples, Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Lefèvre d'Étaples, JacquesLefèvre d'Étaples, Jacqueszhäk ləfăvˈrə dātäpˈlə [key], c.1450–1536, French theologian and humanist. A priest, he studied in Italy, where he was influenced by…

trench warfare

(Encyclopedia) trench warfare. Although trenches were used in ancient and medieval warfare, in the American Civil War, and in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), they did not become important until…

Saleh, Ali Abdullah

(Encyclopedia) Saleh, Ali AbdullahSaleh, Ali Abdullahälēˈ äbdŭlˈä säˈlĕ [key], 1942–2017, Yemeni political leader, b. Bayt al-Ahmar. Saleh joined the army in 1958 and rose through the ranks, becoming…

Olney, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Olney, Richard, 1835–1917, American cabinet member, b. Oxford, Mass. He was a successful Boston lawyer and had served briefly in the state legislature before President Cleveland…

civil defense

(Encyclopedia) civil defense, nonmilitary activities designed to protect civilians and their property from enemy actions in time of war. A civil defense program usually includes measures taken during…

Abubakar, Atiku

(Encyclopedia) Abubakar, AtikuAbubakar, Atikuätēˈk&oomacr; äb&oomacr;bäkärˈ [key], 1946–, Nigerian politician, grad. Ahmadu Bello Univ. Law School (1969). A Muslim and member of the Hausa…

Jones, Inigo

(Encyclopedia) Jones, InigoJones, Inigoĭnˈĭgōˌ [key], 1573–1652, one of England's first great architects. Son of a London clothmaker, he was enabled to travel in Europe before 1603 to study paintings…

elevator, in machinery

(Encyclopedia) elevator, in machinery, device for transporting people or goods from one level to another. The term is applied to the enclosed structures as well as the open platforms used to provide…

zaibatsu

(Encyclopedia) zaibatsuzaibatsuzīˈbäts&oomacr; [key] [Jap.,=money clique], the great family-controlled banking and industrial combines of modern Japan. The leading zaibatsu (called keiretsu after…