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Robertson, William

(Encyclopedia) Robertson, William, 1721–93, Scottish churchman and historian. As moderator (1762–80) of the general assembly of the Church of Scotland, he led the moderate party and enforced the…

No. 1 (Ran) King & Queen

The reigns of Pete Sampras and Martina Hingis might not be over, but in 1998 there were more challengers vying for their thrones than ever before. Both lost grip on their number one…

King: Royal Titles & Noble Ranks

Top of Page Royal titles and ranks of nobility have been used since the earliest days of civilization to denote those individuals who held an esteemed position in society. In most societies…

Villeroi, François de Neufville, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Villeroi, François de Neufville, duc deVilleroi, François de Neufville, duc defräNswäˈ də növēlˈ dük də vēlrwäˈ [key], 1644–1730, marshal of France and favorite of King Louis XIV. In…

Bangorian Controversy

(Encyclopedia) Bangorian ControversyBangorian Controversybăng-gôˈrēən [key], religious dispute in the Church of England during the early part of the reign of George I. Benjamin Hoadly, bishop of…

Leopold I, prince of Anhalt-Dessau

(Encyclopedia) Leopold I, 1676–1747, prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1693–1747). He served as field marshal in the Prussian army and was nicknamed “the Old Dessauer.” As chief military adviser to King…

Heralds' College

(Encyclopedia) Heralds' College, body first chartered in 1483 by Richard III of England. It has been reorganized several times. Its purpose is to assign new coats of arms and to trace lineages to…

Billings, William

(Encyclopedia) Billings, William, 1746–1800, American hymn composer, b. Boston. A tanner by trade, he was one of the earliest American-born composers. He wrote popular hymns and sacred choruses of…

Bruce, William Speirs

(Encyclopedia) Bruce, William SpeirsBruce, William Speirsspĭrz [key], 1867–1921, Scottish explorer and authority on the polar regions. He first went to the Antarctic as ship's surgeon in 1892 and…

Stewart, William Morris

(Encyclopedia) Stewart, William Morris, 1827–1909, American lawyer and political leader, b. Wayne co., N.Y. After migrating to California in 1850 he engaged in mining and held several state elective…