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Shostakovich, Dmitri

(Encyclopedia) Shostakovich, DmitriShostakovich, Dmitridyĭmēˈtrē shŏstŏkôˈvĭch [key], 1906–75, Russian composer, b. St. Petersburg. Shostakovich studied at the Leningrad Conservatory (1919–25). The…

kremlin

(Encyclopedia) kremlinkremlinkrĕmˈlĭn [key], Rus. kreml, citadel or walled center of several Russian cities; the most famous is in Moscow. During the Middle Ages, the kremlin served as an…

oratory

(Encyclopedia) oratory, the art of swaying an audience by eloquent speech. In ancient Greece and Rome oratory was included under the term rhetoric, which meant the art of composing as well as…

Timeline: Russian Culture, Part I

Part I: Rise of Russia       888 1036 1300 1411 1505 1655 Next: Peter's Revolution       888-889 Monks Cyril and Methodius develop written Slavic…

Wilson, Edmund

(Encyclopedia) Wilson, Edmund, 1895–1972, American critic and author, b. Red Bank, N.J. grad. Princeton, 1916. He is considered one of the most important American literary and social critics of the…

Malmédy

(Encyclopedia) MalmédyMalmédymälmādēˈ [key], commune (1991 pop. 10,291), Liège prov., E Belgium, near the German border. Economic mainstays are tourism and the manufacture of beer, paper, and tanning…

Mardonius

(Encyclopedia) MardoniusMardoniusmärdōˈnēəs [key], d. 479 b.c., Persian general; son-in-law of Darius I. Darius sent him (492 b.c.) to retaliate against Eretria and Athens for aiding the Ionians in…

Maria I

(Encyclopedia) Maria I, 1734–1816, queen of Portugal (1777–1816), daughter of Joseph I. She was married (1760) to her uncle, who assumed joint rule with her as Peter III. Neither of them was much…