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Stephenson, George

(Encyclopedia) Stephenson, George, 1781–1848, British engineer, noted as a locomotive builder. He learned to read and write in night school at the age of 18, while working in a colliery. He…

Black Government Officials

    Former Secretary of State Colin Powell Browse more African-American biographies by category: A-Z List Government Officials Civil Rights Leaders Religious Leaders…

Darwin, Charles Robert

(Encyclopedia) Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809–82, English naturalist, b. Shrewsbury; grandson of Erasmus Darwin and of Josiah Wedgwood. He firmly established the theory of organic evolution known as…

Spenser, Edmund

(Encyclopedia) Spenser, Edmund, 1552?–1599, English poet, b. London. He was the friend of men eminent in literature and at court, including Gabriel Harvey, Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Walter Raleigh, and…

Wodrow, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Wodrow, RobertWodrow, Robertw&oobreve;dˈrō [key], 1679–1734, Scottish ecclesiastical historian. His principal work is The History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from…

Taylor, Jeremy

(Encyclopedia) Taylor, Jeremy, 1613–67, English bishop and theological and devotional writer. He was distinguished as a preacher and as the author of some of the most noted religious works in English…

Robert I, French king

(Encyclopedia) Robert I, c.865–923, French king (922–23), son of Count Robert the Strong and younger brother of King Eudes. He inherited from Eudes the territory between the Seine and the Loire…

Robert II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Robert II (Robert the Pious), 970–1031, king of France (996–1031); son of Hugh Capet, with whom he was joint king after 987. Distinguished for his piety and learning, he also sought to…

Graham, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Graham, Robert, later Robert Cunninghame Graham, c.1735–1797, Scottish poet and politician. He is best known for the lyric “If Doughty Deeds My Lady Please.” He inherited sizable…

Murray, Thomas Randolph, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Murray or Moray, Thomas Randolph, 1st earl ofMurray or Moray, Thomas Randolph, 1st earl ofboth: mûrˈē [key], d. 1332, Scottish nobleman; nephew of Robert I. He joined Robert's revolt…