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Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne

(Encyclopedia) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, ÉtienneGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienneātyĕnˈ zhôfrwäˈ săNtēlĕrˈ [key], 1772–1844, French zoologist. He was professor at the Museum of Natural History (1793–1840…

Fredro, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Fredro, AlexanderFredro, Alexanderäˌlĕksänˈdĕr frĕˈdrô [key], 1793–1876, Polish comic dramatist. From 1809 to 1814, Fredro served in the Polish regiments of Napoleon I's army, taking…

Gneisenau, August, Graf Neithardt von

(Encyclopedia) Gneisenau, August, Graf Neithardt vonGneisenau, August, Graf Neithardt vonouˈg&oobreve;st gräf nītˈhärt fən gənīˈzənou [key], 1760–1831, Prussian field marshal. In the Napoleonic…

Fontainebleau

(Encyclopedia) Fontainebleau Fontainebleau fôNtĕnblōˈ [key], town, Seine-et-Marne dept., N France, SE of Paris. It is…

Montalembert, Charles Forbes, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Montalembert, Charles Forbes, comte deMontalembert, Charles Forbes, comte deshärl fôrbz kôNt də môNtäläNbĕrˈ [key], 1810–70, French political leader and writer, b. London. He went to…

Bautzen

(Encyclopedia) Bautzen Bautzen bouˈtsən [key], city, Saxony, E Germany, on the Spree River. It is an industrial…

throne

(Encyclopedia) throne, chair of state or the seat of a high dignitary. The throne was at first a stool or bench and later became an ornate armchair, usually raised on a dais and surmounted by a…

Bazaine, Achille François

(Encyclopedia) Bazaine, Achille FrançoisBazaine, Achille Françoisäshēlˈ fräNswäˈ bäzănˈ [key], 1811–88, French army officer. He served in Algeria, Crimea, Lombardy, and Mexico, and in the Franco-…

Solferino

(Encyclopedia) SolferinoSolferinosōlfārēˈnō [key], village, Lombardy, N Italy, near Mantua. There, on June 24, 1859, the French and Sardinians fought a bloody battle with the Austrians (see…

Rostand, Edmond

(Encyclopedia) Rostand, EdmondRostand, EdmondĕdmôNˈ rôstäNˈ [key], 1868–1918, French poet and dramatist. In 1890 appeared his first volume of verse, Les Musardises. His first plays were light,…