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Ali, Sabahattin

(Encyclopedia) Ali, Sabahattin, 1907–48, Turkish fiction writer. During his lifetime he was best known for his popular and realistic short stories, many of which were concerned with the plight of…

Essebsi, Beji Caid

(Encyclopedia) Essebsi, Beji CaidEssebsi, Beji Caidbäˈzhē cäˈĭd əsĕbˈsē [key], 1926–2019, Tunisian political leader. A lawyer and ally of President Bourguiba, he held several posts in his and…

Abd el-Krim

(Encyclopedia) Abd el-KrimAbd el-Krimäbˌdĕl-krĭmˈ [key], 1882?–1963, leader of the Rif tribes of Morocco, called in full Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi. An important figure in the…

Mussadegh, Muhammad

(Encyclopedia) Mussadegh, MuhammadMussadegh, Muhammadm&oomacr;hämˈmäd m&oomacr;ˈsädāg [key], 1880–1967, Iranian political leader, prime minister of Iran (1951–53). He held a variety of…

Muhammad Abduh

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad Abduh 1849–1905, Egyptian Muslim religious reformer. His encounter in 1872 with Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani, in the Cairo mosque-university of al-Azhar, led to his transition from…

Yunus, Muhammad

(Encyclopedia) Yunus, Muhammad, 1940–, Bangladeshi economist and banker, b. Chittagong (then in British India), grad. Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, Tenn. (Ph.D. 1971). Yunus, who taught economics in…

Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi

(Encyclopedia) Muhammad Reza Shah PahleviMuhammad Reza Shah Pahlevim&oomacr;hämˈmäd rĭzä shä păˈləvē [key], 1919–80, shah of Iran (1941–79). Educated in Switzerland, he returned (1935) to Iran to…

Ayub Khan, Muhammad

(Encyclopedia) Ayub Khan, MuhammadAyub Khan, Muhammadməhămˈĭd äˈy&oobreve;b kän [key], 1907–74, military leader and president (1958–69) of Pakistan. He was commissioned in the British Indian army…