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Jakobson, Roman

(Encyclopedia) Jakobson, RomanJakobson, Romanrəmänˈ yäkˈôbsən [key], 1896–1982, Russian-American linguist and literary critic, b. Moscow. He coined the term structural linguistics and stressed that…

Malevich, Casimir

(Encyclopedia) Malevich, Casimir or KasimirMalevich, Casimir or Kasimirboth: käˈsĭmēr mälyāˈvĭch [key], 1878–1935, Russian painter. Moving to Moscow in 1906, he became involved in avant-garde…

Lissitzky, El

(Encyclopedia) Lissitzky, El (Eliezer Markovich Lissitzky)Lissitzky, Ellyĭsyētsˈkē [key], 1890–1941, Russian painter, designer, teacher, and architect. Lissitzky studied at Darmstadt and later taught…

Meyerhold, Vsevolod

(Encyclopedia) Meyerhold, VsevolodMeyerhold, Vsevolodfəsyĕˈvəlŭt mēˈûrhōlt [key], 1874–1940?, Russian theatrical director and producer. Meyerhold led the revolt against naturalism in the Russian…

Duncan, Isadora

(Encyclopedia) Duncan, IsadoraDuncan, Isadoraĭzˌədôrˈə dŭngˈkən [key], 1878–1927, American dancer, b. San Francisco. She had little success in the United States when she first created dances based on…

Archipenko, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Archipenko, AlexanderArchipenko, Alexanderärkhĭpĕnˈkō [key], 1887–1964, Ukrainian-American sculptor, b. Kiev. He moved to Moscow in 1906 and to Paris in 1908. There he began to adapt…

Witowt

(Encyclopedia) Witowt or WitoldWitowtvĭtˈôft, –ôlt [key], Lithuanian Vytautas, 1350–1430, grand duke of Lithuania (1401–30). In 1382, Witowt, as well as his father, was imprisoned by Ladislaus…

Potemkin, Grigori Aleksandrovich

(Encyclopedia) Potemkin, Grigori AleksandrovichPotemkin, Grigori Aleksandrovichpōtĕmˈkĭn, Rus. grĭgôˈrē əlyĭksänˈdrəvĭch pŭtyômˈkĭn [key], 1739–91, Russian field marshal and favorite of Catherine II…

Barlow, Joel

(Encyclopedia) Barlow, JoelBarlow, Joelbärˈlō [key], 1754–1812, American writer and diplomat, b. Redding, Conn., grad. Yale, 1778. He was one of the Connecticut Wits and a major contributor to their…

Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia) Pugachev, Emelian IvanovichPugachev, Emelian Ivanovichyĭmĭlyänˈ ēväˈnəvĭch p&oomacr;gəchôfˈ [key], c.1742–75, Russian peasant leader, head of the peasant rebellion of 1773–74. A…