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Baha Ullah

(Encyclopedia) Baha Ullah or Baha AllahBaha Allahbähäˈ &oobreve;lˈä [key] [Arab.,=glory of God], 1817–92, Persian religious leader originally named Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri. One of the first…

Idrisids

(Encyclopedia) IdrisidsIdrisidsĭdˈrĭsĭdzˌ [key], two historic Muslim families. 1 An Arab Shiite dynasty of Morocco (788–974), founded by Idris I, a descendant of caliph Ali. It was the first Shiite…

Tippoo Sahib

(Encyclopedia) Tippoo Sahib or Tipu SahibTippoo Sahibboth: tĭpˈ&oomacr; säˈhĭb [key], 1749–99, Indian ruler, sultan of Mysore (1782–99); son and successor of Haidar Ali. He fought in his father's…

Bakhtiari

(Encyclopedia) BakhtiariBakhtiaribäkhˌtēäˈrē, –ärēˈ, băkhˌ– [key], tribal group, numbering around 850,000, living in SW Iran, in a mountainous region (c.25,000 sq mi/64,750 sq km) in Khuzestan and…

Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-

(Encyclopedia) Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-, nom de guerre of Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai, 1971–2019, Iraqi jihadist leader. Following the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, he helped found a Sunni…

Faisal I

(Encyclopedia) Faisal I or Faysal IFaisal Iboth: fīˈsəl [key], 1885–1933, king of Iraq (1921–33). The third son of Husayn ibn Ali, sherif of Mecca, he is also called Faisal ibn Husayn. Faisal was…

Rafsanjani, Hashemi

(Encyclopedia) Rafsanjani, Hashemi (Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani)Rafsanjani, Hashemiälēˈ äkˈbär häshˈəmē räfˌsänjänˈē [key], 1934–2017, Iranian religious and political leader, president of Iran (1989…

Bhutto, Benazir

(Encyclopedia) Bhutto, BenazirBhutto, Benazirbĕnˌəzĭrˈ b&oomacr;ˈtō [key], 1953–2007, prime minister of Pakistan (1988–90; 1993–96), daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Educated at Radcliffe and…

Sanusi

(Encyclopedia) Sanusi or SenussiSanusiboth: sən&oomacr;ˈsĭ [key], Arabic Sanusiyya, a political-religious organization in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by Muhammad bin Ali al-Sanusi (…