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Sen, Amartya Kumar

(Encyclopedia) Sen, Amartya Kumar, 1933–, Indian economist, b. Bengal, Ph.D. Cambridge, 1959. He has taught at Jadavpur Univ.,…

Royce, Josiah

(Encyclopedia) Royce, Josiah, 1855–1916, American philosopher, b. California, grad. Univ. of California, 1873. After studying in Germany and at Johns Hopkins, he returned to California to teach (1878…

Avicenna

(Encyclopedia) AvicennaAvicennaăvĭsĕnˈə [key], Arabic Ibn Sina, 980–1037, Islamic philosopher and physician, of Persian origin, b. near Bukhara. He was the most renowned philosopher of medieval Islam…

Wilson, Edmund

(Encyclopedia) Wilson, Edmund, 1895–1972, American critic and author, b. Red Bank, N.J. grad. Princeton, 1916. He is considered one of the most important American literary and social critics of the…

Early, Jubal Anderson

(Encyclopedia) Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816–94, Confederate general, b. Franklin co., Va., grad. West Point, 1837. After fighting against the Seminole in Florida he resigned from the army (1838),…

commercial revolution

(Encyclopedia) commercial revolution, in European history, a fundamental change in the quantity and scope of commerce. In the later Middle Ages steady economic expansion had seen the rise of towns…

Glaser, Milton

(Encyclopedia) Glaser, Milton, 1929–2020, widely considered America's preeminent graphic designer of the last half of the 20th cent., b. New York City. After graduating (1951) from New York's Cooper…

Lispector, Clarice

(Encyclopedia) Lispector, Clarice Lispector, Clarice klârˈĭs lēspĕkˈtər [key], 1920–77…

Meir, Golda

(Encyclopedia) Meir, GoldaMeir, Goldamāērˈ [key], 1898–1978, Israeli political leader, b. Kiev, Russia, originally named Golda Mabovitch. Her family emigrated to the United States in 1906, settling…

Wallace, Alfred Russel

(Encyclopedia) Wallace, Alfred Russel, 1823–1913, English naturalist. From his study of comparative biology in Brazil and in the East Indies, he evolved a concept of evolution similar to that of…