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Murad II

(Encyclopedia) Murad II, 1403–51, Ottoman sultan (1421–51), son and successor of Muhammad I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He was opposed at his accession by a pretender, Mustafa, who…

Louis III, French king

(Encyclopedia) Louis III, c.863–882, French king, son of King Louis II. He became joint ruler with his brother Carloman on the death of Louis II (879), despite the attempts of Louis the Younger to…

Maximilian II, 1527–76, Holy Roman emperor

(Encyclopedia) Maximilian II, 1527–76, Holy Roman emperor (1564–76), king of Bohemia (1562–76) and of Hungary (1563–76), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I. Before acceding he…

investiture

(Encyclopedia) investiture, in feudalism, ceremony by which an overlord transferred a fief to a vassal or by which, in ecclesiastical law, an elected cleric received the pastoral ring and staff (the…

Covenanters

(Encyclopedia) CovenantersCovenanterskəvənănˈtərz [key], in Scottish history, groups of Presbyterians bound by oath to sustain each other in the defense of their religion. The first formal Covenant…

Rulers of England and Great Britain (table)

(Encyclopedia) Rulers of England and Great Britain(including dates of reign) Saxons and Danes Egbert, 802–39 Æthelwulf, son of Egbert, 839–58 Æthelbald, son of Æthelwulf, 858–60 Æthelbert,…

Zápolya, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Zápolya, StephenZápolya, Stephenzäˈpôlyŏ [key], d. 1499, palatine (regent) of Hungary (1492–99), of a noble Hungarian family. An able general of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, he…