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Reiner, Carl

(Encyclopedia) Reiner, Carl, 1922-2020, American comedian, television producer, actor, and film director, b. Bronx, N.Y. The son of a watchmaker,…

post-traumatic stress disorder

(Encyclopedia) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mental disorder that follows an occurrence of extreme psychological stress, such as that encountered in war or resulting from violence, childhood…

McNamara, Robert Strange

(Encyclopedia) McNamara, Robert StrangeMcNamara, Robert Strangemăkˈnəmârˌə [key], 1916–2009, U.S. secretary of defense (1961–68), b. San Francisco, grad Univ. of California, Berkeley (B.A., 1937),…

Metropolitan Museum of Art

(Encyclopedia) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, founded in 1870. The Metropolitan Museum is the foremost repository of art in the United States and one of the world's great museums. It…

Almodóvar, Pedro

(Encyclopedia) Almodóvar, PedroAlmodóvar, Pedropāˈᵺrō älmōᵺōˈbär [key], 1951–, Spanish film director. Almodóvar began making short films using an inexpensive Super 8 camera in the early 1970s,…

Hayes, Rutherford Birchard

(Encyclopedia) Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 1822–93, 19th President of the United States (1877–81), b. Delaware, Ohio, grad. Kenyon College, 1843, and Harvard law school, 1845. He became a moderately…

Bierce, Ambrose Gwinett

(Encyclopedia) Bierce, Ambrose GwinettBierce, Ambrose Gwinettămˈbrōz gwĭnĕtˈ bĭrs [key], 1842–1914?, American satirist, journalist, and short-story writer, b. Meigs co., Ohio. He fought with extreme…

Martin, Tony

(Alvin Morris) singerBirthplace: San FranciscoBorn: 12/25/12

1957 National Book Awards

FictionThe Field of Vision, Wright MorrisNonfictionRussia Leaves the War, George F. KennanPoetryThings of This World, Richard Wilbur