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Forest M. Bird

Forest M. BirdBorn: 1921Birthplace: Stoughton, Mass Medical respirators—Bird developed the first highly reliable, low-cost mass-produced respirator in the world. His “Babybird ” respirator…

M. Stephen Heilman

M. Stephen HeilmanBorn: 1933Birthplace: Tarentum, Pa. Implantable defibrillator—Heilman, Langer, Mower, and Mirowski: This team of doctors developed the implantable defibrillator, an…

Bruce, James

(Encyclopedia) Bruce, James, 1730–94, Scottish explorer in Africa. He explored Roman ruins in N Africa (1755) from Tunis to Tripoli and visited Crete, Rhodes, and Asia Minor. In 1768 he traveled down…

Chassériau, Théodore

(Encyclopedia) Chassériau, ThéodoreChassériau, Théodoretāōdôrˈ shäsārēōˈ [key], 1819–56, French painter, b. Santo Domingo. He entered Ingres's studio at the age of 12; five years later he gained…

Christie's

(Encyclopedia) Christie's, English firm of art auctioneers and appraisers, one of the largest clearinghouses in the world for art objects of all kinds. Founded in 1766 by James Christie, it has…

John, Augustus Edwin

(Encyclopedia) John, Augustus Edwin, 1879–1961, British painter and etcher, b. Wales. John studied at the Slade School, London. A leading portrait painter, he had many important sitters, among them…

Strang, James Jesse

(Encyclopedia) Strang, James JesseStrang, James Jessestrăng [key], 1813–56, American Mormon leader, b. Cayuga co., N.Y. A lawyer, teacher, and newspaperman, he migrated in 1843 to Wisconsin, was…

Hall, James

(Encyclopedia) Hall, James, 1811–98, American geologist and paleontologist, b. Hingham, Mass., grad. Rensselaer School (later Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), 1832. An authority on stratigraphy and…

Paulding, James Kirke

(Encyclopedia) Paulding, James KirkePaulding, James Kirkepôlˈdĭng [key], 1778–1860, American author and public official, secretary of the navy (1838–41) under Van Buren, b. near Millbrook, N.Y. He…

Hardie, James Keir

(Encyclopedia) Hardie, James KeirHardie, James Keirkērˈ härˈdē [key], 1856–1915, British labor leader and socialist, b. Scotland. A coal miner, he became a union organizer and in 1888 founded the…