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Richthofen, Manfred, Baron von

(Encyclopedia) Richthofen, Manfred, Baron vonRichthofen, Manfred, Baron vonmänˈfrāt [key], 1892–1918, German aviator in World War I. He was credited with the spectacular achievement of shooting down…

Barbier, Antoine Alexandre

(Encyclopedia) Barbier, Antoine AlexandreBarbier, Antoine AlexandreäNtwänˈ älĕksäNˈdrə bärbyāˈ [key], 1765–1825, French bibliographer and government librarian. Barbier was one of a committee…

Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia) Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr vonLützow, Adolf, Freiherr vonäˈdôlf frīˈhĕr fən lüˈtsō [key], 1782–1834, Prussian officer. He commanded (1813–14) a volunteer corps, the Black Troops (or Black…

Mieszko II

(Encyclopedia) Mieszko II or Mieczyslaw II, 990–1034, king of Poland (1025–34), son and successor of Boleslaus I. His reign was marked by internal and external strife. Moravia was lost to Bohemia,…

Chiatura

(Encyclopedia) ChiaturaChiaturachēət&oomacr;ˈrə [key], city (1989 pop. 29,228), S central Georgia, on the Kvirila River. One of the world's largest manganese producers, Chiatura alone accounted…

Gauden, John

(Encyclopedia) Gauden, JohnGauden, Johngôˈdən [key], 1605–62, English clergyman. He claimed to have written the Eikon Basilike (1649), a tract in defense of Charles I. After the Restoration, Gauden…

Dura, ancient city, Syria

(Encyclopedia) DuraDurad&oobreve;rˈə [key] or EuropusDuray&oobreve;rōˈpəs [key], ancient city of Syria, E of Palmyra on a plateau above the Euphrates River. It is also called Dura-Europos or…

Brewer's: Breath

All in a breath. Without taking breath. (Latin, continenti spiritu.) It takes away one's breath. The news is so astounding it causes one to hold his breath with surprise. Out of breath.…

Ponca

(Encyclopedia) Ponca, Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Siouan branch of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock (see Native American languages). According to tradition the group lived…

Ionesco, Eugène

(Encyclopedia) Ionesco, EugèneIonesco, Eugèneözhĕnˈ yŏnĕsˈkō [key], 1912–94, French playwright, b. Romania. Settling in France in 1938, he contributed to Cahiers du Sud and began writing avant-garde…