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Gentz, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia) Gentz, Friedrich vonGentz, Friedrich vonfrēˈdrĭkh fən gĕnts [key], 1764–1832, German conservative political theorist. Admirer of the English political system of checks and balances,…

Fort Stanwix

(Encyclopedia) Fort Stanwix, colonial outpost on the site of Rome, N.Y., controlling a principal route from the Hudson River to Lake Ontario. Originally a French trading center, it was rebuilt by the…

Ibn Khaldun

(Encyclopedia) Ibn KhaldunIbn Khaldunĭˈbən khäld&oomacr;nˈ [key], 1332–1406, Arab historian, b. Tunis. He held various offices under the rulers of Tunis and Morocco and served (1363) as…

Lyautey, Louis Hubert Gonzalve

(Encyclopedia) Lyautey, Louis Hubert GonzalveLyautey, Louis Hubert Gonzalvelwē übĕrˈ gôNzälvˈ lyōtāˈ [key], 1854–1934, colonial administrator and marshal of France. A career soldier, he served in…

McClernand, John Alexander

(Encyclopedia) McClernand, John Alexander, 1812–1900, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Breckinridge co., Ky. He was admitted (1832) to the Illinois bar and sat as a Democrat in the U.S.…

Alfonso IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso IV, 1291–1357, king of Portugal (1325–57), son and successor of Diniz. Disgruntled by the favoritism his father showed toward Alfonso's illegitimate half-brothers, Alfonso rose…

Donelson, Andrew Jackson

(Encyclopedia) Donelson, Andrew JacksonDonelson, Andrew Jacksondŏnˈəlsən [key], 1799–1871, American politician, b. Cumberland region of Tennessee. He was brought up at the Hermitage by his uncle,…

Ardashir I

(Encyclopedia) Ardashir IArdashir Iärdäshērˈ [key] [another form of Artaxerxes], d. 240, king of Persia (226?–240). He overthrew the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV, entered Ctesiphon, and reunited…

Keating, Charles Humphrey, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Keating, Charles Humphrey, Jr., 1923–2014, American banker, b. Cincinnati, grad. Univ. of Cincinnati College of Law (1948). Keating was a partner (1952–72) in a law firm he founded…

Kalb, Johann

(Encyclopedia) Kalb, JohannKalb, JohannGer. yōˈhän kälp [key], 1721–80, American general in the Revolution, known generally as Baron de Kalb, b. Hüttendorf, Germany. He assumed his title for military…