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Graziani, Rodolfo

(Encyclopedia) Graziani, RodolfoGraziani, Rodolforōdôlˈfō grätsēäˈnē [key], 1882–1955, Italian soldier and colonial administrator. After serving in World War I and in Libya (1921–33), he was made (…

André, John

(Encyclopedia) André, JohnAndré, Johnändrāˈ, ănˈdrē [key], 1751–80, British spy in the American Revolution. He was captured (1775) by Gen. Richard Montgomery in the Quebec campaign but was exchanged…

Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte deGrasse, François Joseph Paul, comte defräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ pōl kôNt də gräs [key], 1722–88, French admiral. In 1781, in command of a French fleet sent…

Gordon, John Brown

(Encyclopedia) Gordon, John Brown, 1832–1904, U.S. public official and Confederate general, b. Upson co., Ga. Gordon began his Civil War service as an infantry captain and so distinguished himself…

Goldsborough, Louis Malesherbes

(Encyclopedia) Goldsborough, Louis MalesherbesGoldsborough, Louis Malesherbesmălzûrbˈ gōlˈbərə [key], 1805–77, American naval officer, b. Washington, D.C. Appointed a midshipman in 1812, he fought in…

Hulagu Khan

(Encyclopedia) Hulagu KhanHulagu Khanh&oomacr;läˈg&oomacr; khän [key], 1217–65, Mongol conqueror, grandson of Jenghiz Khan. His brother Mangu, grand khan of the Mongols, directed him to quell…

Nast, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Nast, Thomas, 1840–1902, American caricaturist, illustrator, and painter, b. Landau, Germany. He was brought to the United States in 1846. He began his career as a draftsman for Frank…

O'Neill, Shane

(Encyclopedia) O'Neill, Shane, 1530?–1567, Irish chieftain. The eldest son of Con O'Neill, 1st earl of Tyrone, he carried on a bitter feud with his father after Con accepted Henry VIII's nomination…

Pacific scandal

(Encyclopedia) Pacific scandal, 1873, a major event in Canadian political history. Charges were made in Parliament that the Conservative administration of Sir John A. Macdonald had accepted campaign…