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onomatopoeia

(Encyclopedia) onomatopoeiaonomatopoeiaŏnˌəmătˌəpēˈə [key] [Gr.,=word-making], in language, the representation of a sound by an imitation thereof; e.g., the cat mews. Poets often convey the meaning…

Avogadro's number

(Encyclopedia) Avogadro's numberAvogadro's numberävōgäˈdrō [key] [for Amedeo Avogadro], number of particles contained in one mole of any substance; it is equal to 602,252,000,000,000,000,000,000, or…

conscience

(Encyclopedia) conscience, sense of moral awareness or of right and wrong. The concept has been variously explained by moralists and philosophers. In the history of ethics, the conscience has been…

diminishing returns, law of

(Encyclopedia) diminishing returns, law of, in economics, law stating that if one factor of production is increased while the others remain constant, the overall returns will relatively decrease…

deduction

(Encyclopedia) deduction, in logic, form of inference such that the conclusion must be true if the premises are true. For example, if we know that all men have two legs and that John is a man, it is…

alloy

(Encyclopedia) alloyalloyălˈoi, əloiˈ [key] [O. Fr.,=combine], substance with metallic properties that consists of a metal fused with one or more metals or nonmetals. Alloys may be a homogeneous…

ammonium group

(Encyclopedia) ammonium group, in chemistry, a positively charged nitrogen atom joined by single bonds to four other atoms or groups. The simplest ammonium group, NH4+, is formed by protonation of…

Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe

(Encyclopedia) Fénelon, François de Salignac de la MotheFénelon, François de Salignac de la MothefräNswäˈ də sälēnyäkˈ də lä môt fānəlôNˈ [key], 1651–1715, French theologian and writer, a leader of…

heat of combustion

(Encyclopedia) heat of combustion, heat released during combustion. In particular, it is the amount of heat released when a given amount (usually 1 mole) of a combustible pure substance is burned to…

Caslon, William

(Encyclopedia) Caslon, WilliamCaslon, Williamkăzˈlən [key], 1692–1766, English type designer, b. Worcestershire. He worked first in London as an engraver of gunlocks, then set up his own foundry in…